В пособии рассматриваются основные моменты английской грамматики: части речи имя существительное, имя прилагательное и наречие; видо-временные формы глагола; модальные глаголы; неличные формы глагола



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Змиева Practical English Grammar Handbook

B. be + infinitive can also be used to give orders and instructions.
No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.
He is to stay here until we return.
This is a rather impersonal way of giving instructions and is chiefly used
with the third person. When used with you it often implies that the speaker is
passing on instructions given by someone else. The difference between (a)
Stay here, Tom and (b) You are to stay here, Tom is that in (a) the speaker
himself is ordering Tom to stay, while in (b) he may be merely conveying to
Tom the wishes of another person.


C. be + infinitive is used in indirect speech reporting commands and requests for
instructions:
He says, ‘Wait till I come’.
He says that we are to wait till he comes.
Where shall I put it, sir?’ he asked.
He asked where he was to put it.


D. The passive infinitive is common in notices and instructions:
These tablets are to be kept out of the reach of children.
The subject and auxiliary verb may be left out before the infinitive:
To be taken three times a day before meals. (written on medicine)


E. The structure can be used in the past, to talk about arrangements which were
planned.
I felt nervous because I was to leave home for the first time.
I was to have started work last week, but I changed my mind.
The first example doesn’t tell us whether the plan was carried out or not. But
the second example, with the perfect infinitive, shows that the expected event
did not happen.


F. was/were + infinitive is used to talk about ‘destiny’ - things which were
hidden in the future, ‘written in the stars’.
They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.
It is often translated into Russian as суждено.



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