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4.2. Communicative language teaching and learning
Communicative language teaching/learning (CLT/ CLL) can be
interpreted in many different ways and used to describe a wide
variety of classroom procedures, because it refers to a diverse set of
rather general and uncontroversial principles. We sum principles
pointed by J.C. Richards
39
and basic characteristics of this approach
in the Table 4. It is worth to compare their correspondence between
two columns.
Table 4. Principles and basic characteristics of CLT/CLL
Principles of CLT/CLL
Basic characteristics of CLT/CLL
1. The
general goal of
language learning is
communicative competence.
2. Learners
learn a language
through using it to
communicate.
3. Authentic and meaningful
communication should be the
goal of classroom activities.
4. Fluency and accuracy are
both important
dimensions of
communication.
5. Communication involves
the integration of different
language skills.
6. Learning is
a gradual
process that involves trial and
errors.
1. An emphasis on learning to
communicate through interaction in
the target language.
2. The introduction of authentic texts
into learning situation.
3. The provision of opportunities for
learners focus, not only on the
language but also on the learning
process itself.
4. An enhancement of the learner’s
own personal experiences as an
important contributing element to
classroom learning.
5. An attempt to link classroom
language learning with language
activation outside the classroom.
6. Contextualization as a basic premise
and linguistic variation is a central
concept in materials and methods.
7. Fluency as acceptable language is a
primary goal:
accuracy is judged not in
the abstract but in context
40
.
39
Richards J.C. (n.d.) 30 years of TEFL/TESL: A Personal reflection. - Singapore: SEAMEO
Regional Language Centre.
40
English4room/info/.
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Communicative approach is dominant one in teaching L2 and
FL instruction and it emphasizes that language is best learned by
using the communicative meaning, rather than focusing on explicit
learning grammar
and vocabulary, especially at schools.
The concept of communicativeness meets the needs of students
and presents objectives, content and methods as a prevalent basis of
the CEFR, being the accepted framework in the field of language
teaching and learning; makes it possible to facilitate communication
and interaction among students in order to promote students’
mobility.
The following types of learning are associated with the
Communicative Approach:
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