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their relationships. As a means of communication the target
language faces some restrictions in terms of verbal means
appropriate for a definite situation or occasion (register).
Therefore
verbal behaviour of the learners is limited by a topical selection of
material.
As learners should master a FL as a means of communication,
they should know how to use it in oral and written forms within the
scope outlined in the curriculum/syllabus. As far as a FL is a
mandatory subject in the curriculum, the responsibility lies upon the
teacher to ensure the anticipated results in each purposeful activity
and form of communication.
But the ability to communicate in any language consists of a
number of subsidiary skills such as enunciation, accentuation,
fluency and prosody. Learning a FL adds to students’ mental
powers, sharpens their wits, develops their
intelligence and broadens
their outlook.
Language study is essentially a subskill and skill-forming
process and an important stage in this process is the elementary
stage. If we do not ensure subskills of accurate observation,
reproduction, and imitation during the first stage, it is doubtful
whether we shall ever secure them subsequently.
The function of the primary (elementary) stage is to inculcate
good subskills in a systematic way, and once this work is done there
is little or no fear of learners going astray in their later work. If we
take
care of the primary stage, the next stage will take care of itself.
Every technique, method, exercise, drill or device should be
used which may further the learners in their immediate purpose and
bring them nearer to their ultimate goal. Adopt every good idea and
leave the door open for all future developments: reject nothing
except useless and harmful forms of work. This approach favours a
communicative method of FLT for it embodies the most appropriate
means towards the required end – the mastery of four areas of
linguistic ability.
And finally, practical aims encompass certain volumes of
language material: phonetic, lexical and grammatical items. Some of
this material is subject to reproductive assimilation, some – to
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perceptive; these are also known as active and passive language
material.
The goal envisages a guideline, i.e. strategy of teaching and is
accomplished during solving of a number of specific tasks which act
as tactics. They determine the learners’ activities, their work with
basic and ancillary means of instruction, inculcation of sub-skills
(phonetic, grammatical, lexical, orthographic, etc.) and ability to
understand English, to read aloud and silently, and to speak within a
set range of situations.
It should be mentioned that the achievement of practical goals in
FLT makes possible the realization of educational, cultural and
developmental ones.
So, learning a FL is understood as a goal and as a means of
instruction with clear-cut, short, interim and ultimate objectives,
rational planning of all types of activity with special emphasis on
communicative competence at all levels of teaching/learning.
As we know educational and cultural developments go together.
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