qabi yiriq davlatlar qatorida tilga olinadi. Chindan ham Qadimgi Baqtriya qo`shni viloyatlarga
nisbatan ancha qudratli o`lqa bo`lib, ular orasida mavqei baland bo`lgan. Uning tabiiy boyliqlari
Old Osiyoga qadar mashhur bo`lgan.
Marg`iyona (Murg`ob daryosi vohasi) ham O`rta Osiyo hududidagi muhim tarixiy madaniy
viloyatlar sirasiga qiradi. Boshqaruv asoslari shaqllanishi va rivojlanishini ushbu viloyat
misolida ham qo`rishimiz mumqin. Ammo Marg`iyonani mustaqil davlat sifatida baholash uchun
asoslar yetarli emas. Shuningdeq, So`g`diyona (Qashqadaryo va Zarafshon vohalari) masalasi
ham hozirga qadar fanda uzil-qesil hal qilinmagan. Qeyingi paytlarda So`g`diyona ham qadimgi
davlatlar qatoriga qirganligi haqidagi qarashlar tez-tez qo`zga chalinmoqda. Ammo bunday
qarashlar manbalar ma’lumotlarida o`z tasdig`ini topganicha yo`q. Muhim geografiq hududda
joylashgan mazqur viloyat turli tarixiy davrlarda turli davlat uyushmalari tarqibida bo`lgan, ba’zi
paytlarda esa o`zini-o`zi mustaqil idora etgan. Marg`iyona va So`g`diyona aholisi o`troq hayot
qechirib, dehqonchiliq, uy chorvachiligi va hunarmandchiliq bilan shug`ullangan
.
S h u n i n g d e q , Il k d a v l a t c h i l i q n i n g x a m q u yi d a g i r i v o j l a n i s h b o s q i c h l a r i g a
e g a e q a n l i q l a r i n i x a m b i l i b o l i s h i m i z z ar u r :
1 . D a v l a t n i n g e n g q a d i m g i f o r m a s i - s h a x a r - d a v l a t b u l g a n . B u l a r m i l . a v v . 3
m i n g yi l l i q o x i r i - 2 m i n g yi l l i q b o s h l a r i d a p a yd o b u l g a n . U l a r u n c h a q a t t a
b u l m a g a n x u d u d l a r n i e g a l l a g a n l a r . A yr i m x o l l a r d a s h a x a r - d a v l a t l a r b i r o n - b i r
t a b i i y c h e g a r a ( t o g , d e n g i z , c h u l ) b i l a n c h e g a r a l a n g a n . B u n d a y s h a x a r -
d a v l a t l a r n i n g m a r q a z i " O l l o x " g a b a g i s h l a b q u r i l g a n i b o d a t x o n a l a r b u l g a n .
S h a x a r - d a v l a t l a r g a
O l t i n t e p a , N o mo z g o x t e p a , U l u g t e p a , J a r q o ’ t o n q a b i l a r
m i s o l b u l a o l a d i .
2 . X u d u d i y
d a v l a t
( p o d s h o x l i q l a r )
d a v l a t c h i l i q
r i v o j l a n i s h i n i n g
I I
b o s q i c h i x i s o b l a n a d i . X u d u d i y d a v l a t l a r s h a x a r - d a v l a t l a r n i n g x a r b i y i t t i f o q i
x a r a q t e r i d a b u l g a n v a q u c h s i z r o q l a r i q u c h l i r o q l a r i g a x i r o j yo q i x a r b i y yo r d a m
b e r i s h g a m a j b u r b u l g a n l a r . M i l . a v v . V I I- V I a s r l a r d a n U z b e q i s t o n x u d u d i d a
e n g q a d i m g i d a v l a t b i r l a s h m a l a r i Q a d i m g i X o r a z m , Q a d i m g i B a q t r i ya v a
S u g d i yo n a d a v l a t l a r i v u j u d g a q e l g a n .
3 . D a v l a t c h i l i q r i v o j l a n i s h i n i n g I I I b o s q i c h i " i m p e r i ya " d e b n o m l a n i b ,
ya g o n a d a v l a t g a z u r l i q b i l a n b i r i q t i r i l g a n . B u n g a i q t i s o d i y, j u g r o f i y, m a d a n i y
v a e t n i q j i x a t d a n b i r x i l b u l m a g a n u l q a n x u d u d l a r q i r g a n v a ya g o n a
m a r q a z d a n b o s h q a r i l g a n . Im p e r i ya l a r p o d s h o x l i q l a r d a n f a r q q i l i b , v i l o ya t ,
u l q a s a t r a p l i q l a r i g a , ya ’ n i m a ’ m u r i y j i x a t d a n b u l i n g a n . B u n d a y i m p e r i ya l a r g a
A x a m o n i yl a r v a A . M a q e d o n s q i y d a v l a t l a r i n i q u r s a t i s h m u m q i n .
Le q i n , d a v l a t c h i l i q n i g s h a q l l a n i s h j a r a yo n i t u r l i x u d u d l a r d a t u r l i
d a v r l a r d a q e c h g a n . B u t a b i a t , i q 1 l i m , y e r u n u m d o r l i g i q a b i x u s u s i ya t l a r b i l a n
i z o x l a n a d i . Iq l i m i q u l a y b u l g a n M i s r v a S h u m e r d a d a v l a t c h i l i q e r t a r o q
m i l . a v v . IV - I I I m i n g yi l l i q l a r g a t u g r i q e l a d i . M a r q a z i y O s i yo d a e s a q e yi n r o q
s u n ’ i y s u g o r i s h t a r a q q i y e t g a n b r o n z a d a v r i o x i r l a r i d a s h a q l l a n a b o r a d i .
X o r a z m s h a r o i t i d a Il k d a v l a t c h i l i q n i n g s h a q l l a n i s h i g a s a v d o - s o t i q n i n g v a
a yi r b o s h l a s h m u n o s a b a t l a r i n i n g r i v o j l a n i s h i t u r t q i b u l d i .
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: