Uzbekistan state world languages university

поездке плащ, готовится к завтрашней : поездке
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Uzbek	Simple Complex (consists of two (consists of

\ notional words) extending the \ оц қогоз, кўм- members of \ кўк осмей \ simple word combination) I осмондаги уч : ўрдак, \ ҳаммадан ! аьлочи ўқувчи In compared languages combinations of words can be classified according to the type of syntagmatic relations as follows: English Coordinate ^:J you and me j Russian Syntacticallyfreeew j j сокий дом, | идти в школу.	Subordinate ; to see a house, a nice \ i dress	Predicative him coming, for 1 him to come
	\ Syntacticallybound/w j pu сестры, анютины 1 j глазки.	;. •. : .... • ' ' . s . ^; • • : . j
Uzbek §Independent . китоб ва дафтар. j	\ Dependent опамнинг китоби. j	j .^: ....■• i

As it is seen in the table above there are some differences in classifying and naming the word combinations in compared languages. In independent relation, words have equal independent meaning. On the contrary, in dependent relations words are divided into thehead (kernel) element (word) and adjunct. In this kind of combinations, one of the words clarifies and fulfils another word.
Word combinations with the head element are represented by word groups that form a grammatically organized structure with one element sub-ordinate to the other element. The subordinating element is called the head of the word combination. In the following examples, the head elements are underlined: green leaves, to type a letter, quite simple. According to the head element word combinations have the following types in compared languages:


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English —► noun-phrases - a cup of (ea, verb-phrases - to run fast, to see a house, adjective phrases -good for you, adverbial phrases-so quickly, pronoun phrases - something strange, nothing to do.

Russian —> verbphrase - прыгать черезверёвочку, бегалподвору, adverbialphrase - совсемблизко.иаедииестобой, nominal phrase: substantial - красноепалыпо, столстумбочкой, adjective - почтисеоьёзный. полныйсомнеиия. красныйотнатуги. pronoun - кто-нибудьизнас. ястоварищем, quantitative - одинизиас. второйпопорядку.
Uzbek—» verb phrase - вазифани ба.лсармоқ, тез ўциги, nominal phrase: noun phrase - кенг dana, adjective phrase - тухумдан кичик,quantitative phrase - одамларнииг бири, pronoun phrase -ўқувчиларнииг ҳаммаси.
Types of dependent relation in Russian and Uzbek languages can be in three types: agreement, government, and adjoining (contact).
Agreement is not often found in Modern English, but it is widely used in Modern Russian and Uzbek. The agreement is agreeing with thehead word and dependent word in number and person (this room-these rooms, that room-those rooms, I have a book-he has a book). Agreement in Modern Russian is found in such grammatical categories as gender, number, case, and person, and in Uzbek only in person and number: 1) Full forms of adjectives in Russian agree with corresponding nouns in gender, number and case (широкий залив, широкая река, широкое озеро — gender; широкий залив - широкого залива — case; широкий залив — широкие заливы - number). In theplural, no agreement in gender is observed (широкие заливы - no gender). 2) Short forms of adjective do not agree in case. In singular they agree in gender, number (город красив, площадь красива -gender; город красив - города красивы - number). In Plural they agree only in number. Cardinal-numerals in case (пяти домов, пятью домами). Verbs in Future and Present Tenses agree in number and person (ученик пишет, ученики пишут)An Uzbek, only two combinations can be connected in agreement: predicative and possessive connection. The predicative connection consists of subject and predicate and considered as a sentence. In this relation subject and predicate should be in same person and number (мен келдим, сиз келдингиз, у келди); in possessive connection, the head word is expressed with possessive inflection, thedependent word takes inflection of genitive case (бизнинг китобимиз, менинг китобим, Навоий газапи).
Government is a variety of syntactical connection in accordance with which the use of the oblique case is dependent upon the grammatical meaning of the head word. The governmentcan be found in all compared languages ERU. In English


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government is used to join together 2 nouns: the noun-attribute usually is used in the possessive case. (A boy’s book — boys' books, a day's holiday, an hour’s absence). Government is used in verbal combinations where the object is expressed by a personal pronoun (Believe me, help him).The prepositional government is more frequently used in Englishf/o rely on him, to depend upon him). The verb governments through the preposition. In Russian governing words may be expressed by different parts of speech: 1) by a noun (крыло птицы); 2) by an adjective (склонный к шуткам); 3) by a numeral (двадцать деревьев); 4) by a pronoun (кто-то из братьев); 5) by an Infinitive (поливать улицу); 6) by an adverb (жарко от солнца). A noun or a noun-equivalent usually expresses governed words (извлекать полезное, уважение к старшим). In accordance with the part of speech the governing word belongs to, government in Russian is subdivided into: substantial (осмотр здания - gen. case),adjectival (интересный для зрителя - gen. case with a prep.), adverbial (делать весело, ему приятно), verbal (осматривать здание - accusative case, доверить врагу — dative case). In Uzbek according to the expression of thehead word government can be called as noun government and verb government. And according to the dependent word government in Uzbek can be subdivided into case government (dependent word is expressed with inflections of dative, accusative, locative and ablative cases: мактабга бор, уйда ўтир, доскадан ёз, дарсингни тайёрла); auxiliary government (dependent word is connected with head word with the help of auxiliaries: умр бўйи кутдим, куш сингари учди, укам билан иитадик); mixed government (both grammatical forms exist: сиз томонга қаради, бозорга қараб капли, сой бўйига тушдик).
Adjoining is a variety of syntactical connection when the dependence of one word upon head word is expressed not morphologically but semantically (my room-my rooms, a small room-small rooms; читатьлёжа, тихосидеть, чересчургромкий, сапогивсмятку, скромноулыбающаяся; хушбўй гул, биринчи босқич, терилган пахта, тахта кўприк, қайси юрт). Adjoining in all three compared languages are divided into three types:

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  Attributive phrases (object and its feature, they can be expressed by different parts of speech: to be happy, to seem delighted, to stay calm, шобящийсын, третьегочисла, горькийвкус, тоза сув, ўнта пиёла, келган меҳмон).
  
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  Objective phrases (action, feature and the object, in the relation of carrying out the action or feature: to live a miserable life, to smile a happy smile, to
  

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