|
lexical units: beauty, charm, loveliness, handsomeness, attractiveness, prettiness, glamour;
word-formation units: adjectives: beautiful, charming, pretty, handsome, good-looking, lovely, gorgeous, attractive, exquisite, beauteous, radiant, enjoyable, captivating, alluring, superb, wonderful, fine, splendid, admirable, great; verbs: to beautify, to adorn, to ornament, to glamorise, to grace, to decorate, to adorn, to garnish, to embroider, to fancy up;
phraseological units: graceful as a swan, as pretty as picture, as handsome as a young Greek god, as handsome as paint, as shining as star.
proverbs and sayings: beauty is a living thing; beautiful man creates beautiful things; beautiful man acts beautifully; good fame is better than a good face; a pretty girl, a heart of gall; handsome is as handsome does;
quotations and aphorisms: All that’s beautiful drifts away like the waters (W.B.Yeats); Beauty is all very well at first sight; but who ever looks at it when it has been in the house three days? (G.B.Shaw); Remember that the most beautiful things in the world are the most useless; peacocks and lilies for instance (J.Ruskin).
texts: a fragment of the text or the entire text (f.e. “Dorian Grey”, “The Nightingale and the Rose” by O. Wilde);
One of the problematic areas in the concept theory is the concept structure. There are different views and approaches to this problem. Not going into details of this problem, we should stress that the majority of the researchers outline a three-level structure of the concept, including notional, imagery and axiological constituents of fields (S.G. Vorkachyov, Z.D. Popova, I.A. Sternin, V.I. Karasik, etc.)
It should be noted that among these constituents the imagery constituent is of a notable interest for Linguoculturology. It is subdivided into two types: cognitive and perceptive images which in their turn fall into several subtypes.
Cognitive image of the concept includes moral, intellectual, psychological and physical characteristics related to the human. For example, the image bearing component of the concept Life includes the following cognitive images: moral (life is not fair, honest life, cruel life; love is lawless); intellectual (silly life, life is a teacher, life is a judge; love is mad; love and knowledge live not together); psychological (happy/unhappy life, joyful life, life is suffer; love is crazy); physical (broken life, ruined life, to kill life, to destroy life; love is blind).
The perceptive image also consists of several types of imagery:
visual imagery, i.e. something that can be seen: youth is green; time is money; life is a judge; words are weapons;
auditory imagery is based on a sound perception: words echo, high-sounding words, lovers cooing;
tactile imagery expresses feelings evoked by touch: sharp words, cold love; burning love, stinging word;
olfactory imagery is based on a smell perception: youth’s smell, high-sounding words, words echo;
gustatory imagery is based on a taste perception: sweet life/love/word, embittered friendship, tart words, bitter life;
kinesthetic: life goes on, follow life, time flies.
No less important is axiological field, which according to the authors, includes different additional features of a concept which can be divided into several zones:
the evaluative zone (good or bad); b) aesthetic (beautiful/ugly); emotional (pleasant/unpleasant); intellectual (clever/silly); moral (kind/cruel, legal/illegal) features;
the encyclopeadic zone unites conceptual features based on experience and knowledge of a concept denotate. For example, encyclopeadic zone of the concept “Water” includes the following features: water is dangerous, the person can be drawn in water, there is no life without water, water is covered with ice in winter, etc. Another example is the concept “London” – London is the capital of Great Britain, London is a big and ancient city, there is the underground in the city, City is a business centre, there are many historical sights and places of interest in London: Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, the Tower, Big Ben, etc.
the utilitarian zone that unites conceptual features expressing pragmatic aspects of the concept, including its situational characteristics. For example: car – expensive, comfortable; dog – a devoted friend, guards the house; flu – virus, illness, weakness, cough, high temperature, etc.
the regulative zone unites conceptual features that “prescribe” what should be done or not done: the English language – should be learned, law – should be followed; car – should be driven, etc.
the social-cultural zone unites conceptual features representing the interrelationship between a concept and culture (art, traditions, customs, heroes, folklore, precedent texts, etc.). For example, the concept “English Language” – Shakespeare, Byron, Dickens; or the concept “Gentleman” – English, aristocrat, nobleman, politeness, helps people;
the paremiological zone – conceptual features that are represented in proverbs, sayings, aphorisms and quotations. For example, the concept FIRE is presented in the conceptual features fire is dangerous – if you play with fire, you get burned; don’t add fuel to the flame; don’t fight fire with fire; better a little fire to warm us than a big one to burn us.
The outlined zones, as is seen from examples, present a lot of interest for linguocultural studies.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
