Referat Tema: Uzbek writters Tayarlaģan: Gadanyazov Jasur Qabillaģan: Jaksimuratov Azamat Nukus 2023 Plan

Referat

Tema: Uzbek writters

Tayarlaģan:Gadanyazov Jasur
Qabillaģan:Jaksimuratov Azamat

Nukus 2023

Plan:

1. 
   Uzbek writers:
   

1. 
   Hamza Hakimzada Niyazi
   
2. 
   Abdurauf Fitrat
   
3. 
   G’afur G‘ulom
   
4. 
   Nodirabegim
   
5. 
   Said Ahmad
   
6. 
   Zulfiya
   
7. 
   Oybek
   

Conclusion

Uzbekistan is full of unique and truly talented people: many of them paint pictures, compose and sing wonderful songs, and some write wonderful literary works. In their poetry and prose there is wisdom, and an interesting plot, and national flavor.

Let's say a few words about the history of literature in Uzbekistan. It originates in ancient times. It all started with oral folk art, which was represented by folk songs, various legends and fairy tales, sayings, riddles and proverbs and dastans, fantastic works in prose describing local myths and legends. One of the most famous dastans is Alpamysh-Batyr. Later, written works in Turkic languages begin to appear. Among them are "Divan" by Ahmad Yasawi, "Khibatul hakoik" by Ahmad Yugnaki and many others. A very important literary creation of that time is the Dictionary of Turkic Dialects, written by Mahmud al-Kashgari in the 11th century. All types and genres of the Turkic-language oral folk art, folklore were registered in it.
We will turn to the most outstanding writers of the 20th-21st centuries, since they are closer to us in time and we will be able to understand what, what achievements the 1000-year development of such an unusual Uzbek literature has led to. All these people were able to become popular not only in their own country, but throughout the world and brought fame to their homeland.
Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi
Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi (March 6 1889, Kokand – March 18, 1929, Shohimardon) was an Uzbek author, composer, playwright, poet, scholar, and political activist. Niyazi, along with Gʻafur Gʻulom, is widely seen as one of the leading figures in the early development of modern Uzbek literary tradition. He is generally considered the first Uzbek playwright, the founder of modern Uzbek musical forms, as well as the founder of Uzbek social realism. Niyazi also participated in the controversial Uzbek language reforms of the 1920s, which were meant to codify a literary Uzbek language in place of the older, fading Chagatai. In addition to Uzbek, Niyazi knew many other languages, including Arabic, Persian, Russian, and Turkish. His works generally dealt with social issues, such as women's rights, social inequality, and the prevalence of superstition. Niyazi was stoned to death in the town of Shohimardon, by Islamic fundamentalists on the accusation of anti-religious activities.Niyazi became a National Writer of the Uzbek SSR in 1926. To honor his memory, in 1967 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan established the State Hamza Prize to recognize outstanding achievement in literature, arts, and architecture. Many institutions in Uzbekistan, including a station of Tashkent Metro, three theaters, as well as several schools and streets are named after him.
Abdurauf Fitrat
Abdurauf Fitrat (1886 – 4 October 1938) was an Uzbek author, journalist and politician in Central Asia under Russian and Soviet rule. Fitrat made major contributions to modern Uzbek literature with both lyric and prose in Persian, Turki, and late Chagatai. Beside his work as a politician and scholar in many fields, Fitrat also authored poetic and dramatic literary texts. Fitrat initially composed poems in the Persian language, but switched to a puristic Turkic tongue by 1917. Fitrat was responsible for the change to Uzbek as Bukhara's national language in 1921, before returning to writing texts in Tajik later during the 1920s. In the late 1920s, Fitrat took part in the efforts for Latinization of Uzbek and Tajik. Fitrat was influenced by his studies in Istanbul during the early 1910s, where he came into contact with Islamic reformism. After returning to Central Asia, he turned into an influential ideological leader of the local jadid movement. In opposition to and in exile from the Bukharan emir he sided with the communists. After the end of the emirate, Fitrat accepted several posts in the government of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, before he was forced to spend a year in Russia. Later, he taught at several colleges and universities in the then Uzbek SSR. During Stalin's Great Purge, Fitrat was arrested and prosecuted for counter-revolutionary and nationalist activities, and finally executed in 1938. After his death, his work was banned for decades. Fitrat was rehabilitated in 1956, yet critical evaluation of his work has changed several times since. While there are Tajik criticis that call the likes of Fitrat "traitors", other writers have given him the title of a martyr (shahid), particularly in independent Uzbekistan.
Gʻafur Gʻulom
Gʻafur Gʻulom (May 10, 1903 – July 10, 1966) was an Uzbek poet, writer, and literary translator. He is best remembered for his stories Shum Bola (The Mischievous Boy) (adapted for film in 1977) and Yodgor. Gʻafur Gʻulom is also known for translating the works of many influential foreign authors, such as Alexander Pushkin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and William Shakespeare. He translated Le Mariage de Figaro of Pierre Beaumarchais, Othello of William Shakespeare, and Gulistan of Saadi Shirazi into Uzbek. Gʻafur Gʻulom is considered to be one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century. He is also regarded as one of the founders of modern Uzbek poetry, along with Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy. Gʻafur Gʻulom received the prestigious State Stalin Prize in 1946 and became a National Poet of the Uzbek SSR in 1963.
Nodirabegim
Mohlaroyim (1792–1842), most commonly known by her pen name Nodira, was an Uzbek poet and stateswoman. She functioned as regent of the Khanate of Kokand during the minority of her son from 1822. Nodira is generally regarded as one of the most outstanding Uzbek poets. She wrote poetry in Uzbek and Persian. Nodira also used other pennames, such as Komila and Maknuna. Many of her diwans have survived and consist of more than 10,000 lines of poetry.
Said Ahmad
This famous Uzbek poet, writer and playwright was born in 1920 and lived for almost 100 years (until 2007). This is a truly great man, who was even awarded various titles and medals for his services to his country. After graduating from the university, he showed himself as a talented journalist and teacher, who sought to eliminate or at least reduce illiteracy in his native region, and took an active part in the process of collectivization in the newly formed SSR. All acquaintances spoke of him as a smart and educated person, balanced and well-mannered, literate and insightful.

From under the pen of Said Ahmad, the pseudonym of the poet, such works as collections of stories "The Gift", "Muhabbat", "Ferghana Stories" came out. He wrote his most significant work, namely the Horizon trilogy about the events of the Great Patriotic War, in the 60s, working on it for about 10 years. In 1988, Said Ahmad's novel "Silence" was published, followed by many plays and the comedy "Bride's Revolt". The last work made the writer very famous and put him on a par with the main classics of Uzbekistan.

Zulfiya
In Central Asia, in order for a woman to become not a housewife, cook or tradeswoman, but a writer or a poetess, one must try very hard. The popular Uzbek poet, Zulfiya Israilova, did just that. And she gained popularity among readers thanks to her collections of poems “Hulkar”, “Waterfall”, “Close to my heart”, “Heart from the path” and many others. She paid the most attention to the working woman and her Motherland, and she also very reverently described the nature that Zulfiya associated with the image of a woman. Familiar contemporaries called her a true patriot "with bright burning eyes", who, perhaps, believed most strongly in the victory of the Soviet people over the Germans.
Oybek
Real name - Musa Tashmukhamedov. He is a famous poet, novelist and translator. Initially, he became famous precisely for his translations into Uzbek of foreign classics, such as "Eugene Onegin" by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, "Faust" by Goethe, "Masquerade" by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov and others. He himself is the author of the famous novel "Navoi", which tells about the era of warlike Timurids. The writer in detail and very colorfully describes both the Sultan's palace, and the lively market squares, and life in the theological school, and so on. By the way, this novel is one of the most famous works of Uzbek literature, including abroad.

Tulepbergen Kaipbergenov

This person is a well-known thinker, poet and writer of Uzbekistan, who wrote more than 60 works in his entire life. Based on the novel "Daughter of Karakalpak", which brought him popularity among fellow citizens, a feature film was even shot.

Erkin Vakhidov

This is one of the brightest representatives of modern literature of Uzbekistan. He continues the ancient trend - the "gazelle", which sings the image of women, one might say, "cares" for him. He is also a patriot and passionate about satire, so he never misses an opportunity to ridicule greed, lies, and so on.

Khudaiberdy Tukhtabaev

This is one of the most popular modern children's writers, whose stories have become truly important for several generations of young Uzbek readers. His most famous creations are The Magic Hat, The Young Guard and The Secret Revealed. For all his merits, he was awarded the title of People's Writer.

Conclusion

The land of this Asian country is incredibly rich in outstanding creative people, as already mentioned at the beginning, so this is not a complete list of writers, poets, playwrights of Uzbekistan, but these people are now the most famous, popular and resonate in the hearts of millions of readers in thousands of countries. The literature of this country is definitely worth your attention and praise, because, having overcome a long path of development and change, it has managed to remain as interesting, original and unique as ever.