Mainstreaming Gender in ADB Operations, by Sector
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B. Water Supply and Sanitation
1. Context
Uzbekistan lies in one of the most arid regions in Central asia.
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the country inherited a
well-developed water supply and sanitation (WSS) infrastructure, but the system is outdated,
damaged by corrosion, operating inefficiently, and is badly in need of repair, not operating
efficiently. there is little continuity in water services, and insufficient pressure in pipelines. the
urban and rural areas differ in access to safe drinking water. In regions deficient in drinking and
irrigation water (certain districts in Kashkadarya, Jizzakh, Syrdarya, Khorezm, tashkent regions,
and the Republic of Karakalpakstan), the situation can be challenging. For example, reports
on the Western Uzbekistan Water Supply System development project state that 35% of
households in Karakalpakstan have an acute and growing need for drinking water
.
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Most of the rural population in the surveyed areas relies on water from shallow well pumps,
which is limited, seasonal, and, for the most part, irregular and of extremely poor quality.
a few households pay for private boreholes and supply water to their neighbors. Users incur a
variety of costs to cope with poor service. For example,1.5% of households in Karakalpakstan
buy drinking water from private water purification facilities (average cost = SUM10,000
per 10 liters). Five percent of households purchase water from water carriers (average cost
of delivery = SUM10,000–SUM20,000 per cubic meter), and 85% of households buy
containers for water. associated expenditures are often equally high in absolute terms and
are not subsidized. However, spending on water for drinking and domestic purposes is rather
small for all surveyed households in Karakalpakstan, totaling about 5% of average household
expenditures. piped water, as well as vendor services (1%) and bottled water (1%) (footnote 78).
table 4 shows the rural and urban dynamics of accessing safe drinking water and pipe sewerage
systems in 2014–2016.
2. Government Commitments
Under the development Strategy for 2017–2021, improved access to clean drinking water
is a government priority, to be implemented through the national reorganization of sector
institutions, financial and cost recovery reform, the construction of new water supply systems,
and the introduction of modern, cost-effective, and efficient technologies.
In 2015–2017, the government endorsed legal provisions to transform the country’s water
supply.
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State unitary enterprises (Suvokava) in each province were reorganized and charged
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UN economic Commission for europe. 2015.
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