4.1.
O’tgan Zamon (davomi). Forming negative sentences
Verb
Verb stem
Negation suffix
Perfective suffix
Personal suffix
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yashamoq
yasha
yasha
yasha
yasha
yasha
yasha
+ma
+ma
+ma
+ma
+ma
+ma
+gan
+gan
+gan
+gan
+gan
+gan
+man
+san/siz
----
+miz
+siz
+lar
For example:
Men O’zbekistonda yashmaganman.
Men nonushta qilmaganman.
Other ways of forming negative sentences are by use of
emas
and
yo’q.
The negative may also
be formed using the verb stem plus the suffix
-GAN
(which is the past participle), followed by
the negative
emas
and the personal suffix. For example:
kelgan emasman
- I haven't come
kelgan emassan
- You haven't come
kelgan emas
- He/she/it hasn't come
kelgan emasmiz
- We haven't come
kelgan emassiz
- You haven't come
kelgan emaslar / emas
- They haven't come
Another and more emphatic negative form is using the past participle
, -GAN
+
the possessive
personal suffixes, followed by the negative word
yo'q
. That form is more emphatic, as is its
positive counterpart, with bor. For example:
kelganim yo'q
- I haven't come
kelganing yo'q
- You haven't come
kelgani yo'q
- He/she/it hasn't come
kelganmiz yo'q
- We haven't come
kelganingiz yo'q -
You haven't come
kelganlari yo'q
- They haven't come
15 - Mashq.
A)
Conjugate the following verbs using the negative
emas, yo’q
and suffix
–ma.
B)
Make up a sentence for each verb.
O’qimoq, bilmoq, olmoq
187
16 - Mashq.
O’qing, tarjima qiling va savollarga javob bering
1.
Qachon tug’ilgansiz?
2.
Qayerda tug’ilgansiz?
3.
Qayerda o’qigansiz? O’qiysiz?
4.
Siz O’zbekistonda o’qiganmisiz?
5.
Maktabda ishlaganmisiz?
6.
Qayerda ishlagansiz?
7.
Uylanganmisiz?
8.
Turmushga chiqqanmisiz?
9.
O’zbekcha palov yeganmisiz?
5.
Past Perfect Tense (Tugallangan o’tgan zamon).
This form is used when talking about
completed action in a distant past, before the recent action took place. It is formed by
adding
edi
– use to (that is the past participle), plus the possessive type of personal suffixes.
The associated words with that tense are
before – avval, oldin, ilgari.
Verb
verb stem
perfective
suffix
to be
Personal
suffix
tarjima
Yemoq
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
ye
+gan
+gan
+gan
+gan
+gan
+gan
edi
edi
edi
edi
edi
edi
+m
+ng
--
+k
+ngiz
+lar
I had eaten
You had eaten
S/he had eaten
We had eaten
You had eaten
They had eaten
For example:
Men Fargo’onada bedana palovini yegan edim.
Men Toshkentdan avval Gulistonda yashagan edim
.
The negative
is formed by adding to the verb stem the suffix
-MA
, plus the suffix
-GAN
,
followed by the past ending
edi
plus the personal suffix.
Verb
Verb stem Negative
suffix
Perfective
suffix
To be
Person
al suffix
yashamoq
yasha
yasha
yasha
+ma
+ma
+ma
+gan
+gan
+gan
edi
edi
edi
+m
+ng
--
I hadn’t lived before
You hadn’t lived
S/he hadn’t lived
188
yasha
yasha
yasha
+ma
+ma
+ma
+gan
+gan
+gan
edi
edi
edi
+k
+ngiz
+lar
We hadn’t lived
You hadn’t lived
They hadn’t lived
The negative may also be formed using the verb stem plus the suffix -GAN, followed by the
negative copula emas, followed itself by the past copula edi plus the personal suffix.
kelgan emas edim I hadn't come
kelgan emas eding You hadn't come
kelgan emas edi He/she/it hadn't come
kelgan emas edik We hadn't come
kelgan emas edingiz You hadn't come
kelgan emas edilar / edi They hadn't come
PRACTICE:
17 -Mashq.
O’qing. Har bir gapni aniqlang va ularni nuqta bilan ajrating. Read. Separate each
sentence by a period.
Olcha
Bahor keldi olcha daraxti gulladi gullar to’kildi ko’m-ko’k mevasi tezda qizardi olchalar pishdi
men olchani terdim onam olchadan murabbo (jam) pishirdilar
18 - Mashq.
O’zbekistonda odamlar, odatda, meva-sabzavot haqida ko’p gaplashadilar.
Gaplarni o’qing va tarjima qiling:
-Where do you live? __________________________________________________
- Gulistan ___________________________________________________________
- Do you have lots of fruits there? ___________________________________________
- Not so much. But we have lots of melons and watermelons. ______________________
- From where do you get fruits? ____________________________________________________
- Mostly from the marketplace. ____________________________________________________
- What kind of fruits do you buy there? ____________________________________________
- All kinds of: (write at least 6 names of fruits here) ___________________________________
189
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