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Teachingspeaking AppleS

3.1.2 Teaching spoken grammar
There seems to have been little progress on the question of how we should teach 
spoken grammar (Timmis, 2005, p. 117). McCarthy and Carter (1995, pp. 216 217) 
propose an I-I-I paradigm (Illustration Interaction Induction), which they do not 
claim to be a specific methodology. The first I (Illustration) refers to the 
presentation of the material with the objective of raising awareness of target 
feat res and de eloping st dents noticing, Interaction refers to sing the 
language, and Induction to the conclusions that the learners draw about the task.
One problem with teaching features of spoken grammar is the lack of such 
features from teaching materials, both texts and activities. Spoken dialogues are 
plentiful in beginner textbooks, but the most frequent features of spoken grammar 
are personal reference and occasionally ellipsis. Heads, tails, fillers and 
backchannels are non-existent. They may exist in recordings of spoken language, 
but if they do, they are not practiced in activities.
Example 2 is an example of how one can work with existing textbook dialogues 
to better illustrate features of spoken grammar. Students were instructed to add 
fillers and backchannels to the text. In Example 2, fillers and backchannels are 
added in italics. 
Example 2.
Working with a textbook dialogue (Hilliard, 2014, p. 10) 
Teacher:
The q estion for Unit 1 is Do o like o r name? Ho abo t o , Y na? 
Um 
... Were you named after someone in your family? 
Yuna: 
Yes, 
er 
... my aunt.
Teacher:
Oh, I see
. Is your name common in Korea?
Yuna:
Yes, it is. 
Teacher:
Really? 
What about you, Sophy? 
Um 
... Where did your name come from?
Sophy
:
Ah
, It s not reall a famil name. (teacher: 
Oh
) My parents just liked it.
Teacher: 
Uh-huh
, Do you like it? 
Sophy:
Yes, I do. But, 
um 
... people spell it wrong a lot. (teacher: 
Uh-huh
) Or they think 
it s
short for Sofia, b t it s not.
Teacher:
I see
. Do you like your name, Marcus? 
Marcus:
S re. It s a great name. 
Ah 
... It as m father s and m grandfather s and m
great-
grandfather s.

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