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Urgench State University
Faculty: Philology
Department: Foreign languages and literature
Group: 164
Student: Abdisheribov Sulaymon
Teacher: _______________________________________
Theme: Comparative study on functional styles of the English language
Urgench 2020
The given line graph provides information relating to the number of hours spent for TV and computer usage by 10-11 years old pupils on a weekly basis from 2000 till present.
According to the illustrated data, the time used in a week for computer games by schoolers aged 10 and 11, experienced gradual increase, in contrast the figures of television flactuated over an given period covered by the graph.
Coming to the trend for the children's time spending on a PC for a week, we can see that it showed only an upward trend starting from 3 hours in 2000, reaching 22 hours by the current period.
Looking at the details of consumed time by 10-11 year-old schoolchildren on Tv-set, it is clear that the period started with static pattern. Afterwards, the rates leveled off from 21 to 15 hours in 2004. Before the variation between 2005 and 2006, the figures had been stable for a year. For the rest of the time the numbers remained constant at again 15 hours.
The given charts provide information about mostly preferred types of movies by males and females and which film genres’ tickets sold more in the USA, in 2010.
Generally, it is clear from bar chart that men were fond of watching action movies while women chose romantic comedies. Another fact worth noticing that the figures for males were equal or higher in all movie types except from romantic-comedy. Moreover, the pie chart demonstrates that action movies earned more money than other types for the USA in the given period.
According to the details, action movies were the most favorable ones among male film-watchers with 40 per cent, while females showed great interest for romantic-comedies with 30 per cent. The figures of comedy and western films reveal that they were equally demanded by both genders at 20 % and 10 % respectively. The rates of other sort of movies for men were slightly higher comparing to women’s.
Coming to the details of pie chart, we can see that almost half of total money earned by ticket-selling for action films with 48 percent. The following was comedy which for twice less amount of tickets were sold than action with 24 per cent. The other genres had no more than 12 % of total funds of Box-offices in the USA in 2010.
Today’s world demands well-educated and good mannered community members. For this reason, some people argue that parents should play an important role in bringing up such kind of people, while others think schools are the best place to raise good behaved members of society. In my point of view both family members and education establishments equally impact on youths’ finding their places in society.
From early ages children start to imitate their parents’ actions and most of them see their heroes on the family members. By this I mean, the ones who brought up in the family in which members are educated and well-behaved, try to be like their fathers or mothers by setting future plans and aims from their childhood. For example, there is great difference between child whose parents always quarrel or father drinks alcohol and do not work and another child whose mother cares about his behavior and father interests daily education progress of him. Parents also teach their children to obey rules and respect others which are very important manners of a good person in society.
On the other hand schools are the best places to gain communicative skills because they face their counterparts with various characters here. As a result children acquire some skills which will help them to find their places in community in the future. Moreover, pupils make their future job decisions with the help of teachers at schools.
To conclude, up to my point, both parents and school are responsible equally for the future position of a child in society. If family plays its role as an educator of behavior properly, children can learn at school how to communicate and socialize with others. As a result one good behaved and educated member of government is brought up.
Concepts of Reliability and Validity
Test reliability and validity are two technical properties of a test that indicate the quality and usefulness of the test. These are the two most important features of a test. You should examine these features when evaluating the suitability of the test for your use.
Reliability
Reliability refers to how consistent the results of a study are or the consistent results of a measuring test. This can be split into internal and external reliability. Internal reliability refers to how consistent the measure is within itself. A personality test should produce the same results every time for the same participant.
External reliability refers to how consistent the results are when the same procedures are carried out for a test. For example, if teacher uses one method to one group of students and teaches another group students with that method that are similar to the 1st one. And their test scores should be similar or the same.
There are some factors which may cause for different test scores every time.
Test taker’s psychological state: Sometimes anxiety, stress or de-motivation may affect the applicant's test results.
Environmental factors: Differences in the testing environment, such as room temperature, lighting, noise, or even the test administrator, can influence an individual's test performance.
Multiple raters. In certain tests, scoring is determined by a rater's judgments of the test taker's performance or responses.
Validity
Validity refers to whether the study or measuring test is measuring what it claims to examine. Validity is the most important issue in selecting a test. It refers to what characteristic the test measures and how well the test measures that characteristic.
It is important to understand the differences between reliability and validity. Validity will tell you how good a test is for a particular situation; reliability will tell you how trustworthy a score on that test will be. You cannot draw valid conclusions from a test score unless you are sure that the test is reliable. Even when a test is reliable, it may not be valid. You should be careful that any test you select is both reliable and valid for your situation.
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