№ 5 (86)
май, 2021 г.
83
Table 1.
Conditions for conducting a series of experiments and the mathematical models obtained in them
Test Series
Number
Number of components in
catalyst (%)
W (vinyl acetate), mol/hr
W (CO
2
),
mol/hr
Pd
CH
3
COOK
Cu
I
0,3-3,0
0
0
(0,35∙[Pd])/(1+0,05[Pd]
4
)
(0,08∙[Pd])/(1+0,065[Pd]
3
)
II
0,2
2,0-20,0
0
(0,1∙(1+
[CH
3
COOK]))/(1,0+0,013*[CH
3
COOK]
2
)
0,04+0,0043∙
[CH
3
COOK]
III
0,15
5
0,05-
3,0
0,075+0,018∙[ Au]
The total rate of reaction is proportional to the
amount of unmodified and modified active centers of
palladium (not clusters). Excess amounts of the modifier
(both potassium acetate and copper) block the active
sites, reducing the efficiency of the catalyst. The
physical meaning of the partial mathematical models
obtained here consists of fractional-linear functions. The
difference in the equations of the rates of formation of
vinyl acetate and CO
2
indicates that these reactions
occur at different active sites of the catalyst.
Taking into account the above considerations, we
have the following functional dependencies:
W
BA
=[Pd]∙(C
1
+C
2
[CH
3
COOK]+C
3
[Cu])/(1+C
4
[Pd]
4
+C
5
[CH
3
COOK]
2
+C
6
[Cu])
W
CO2
= [Pd]∙(C
1
`
+C
2
`
[CH
3
COOK]+C
3
`
[Cu])/(1+C
4
`
[Pd]
4
)
The numerical values of the coefficients C1-C6 and
C1`-C4` were obtained by comparing the data of the
equations with the partial model of the reaction rates
obtained earlier and using a number of regression
methods. Thus, the generalized mathematical models of
catalyst activity, which are defined as the rates of
reactions for the formation of vinyl acetate and CO
2
, are
as follows:
W
BA
= ([Pd]∙(0,35 + 0,38[CH
3
COOK] + 4,2[Cu]))/((1 +
0,05(1 + 80[Pd]
4
+ 0,01[CH
3
COOK]
2
+ 1,1[Cu])))
W
CO2
= ([Pd]∙(0,09 + 0,0244[CH
3
COOK] +
0,1[Cu]))/((1 + 0,07(1 + 20[Pd]
4
)))
Among all the experiments, the rates of the for-
mation of vinyl acetate and the values calculated by
mathematical models are well matched.
The correlation between the experimental and cal-
culated values for the rates of carbon dioxide formation
is two parallel straight lines - for a series of experiments
on the effect of [Cu] (curve 1 to the right of Fig. 1). and
[Pd] for a series of experiments on the effect of quantity
(curve 2 to the right of Fig. 1). The significant increase
in the experimental values of the W
CO2
velocities for a
series of reactions to study the effects of copper is ex-
plained by the use of the above-mentioned reason - the
use of catalyst samples prepared in violation of the tech-
nology. Thus, the velocities of W
CO2
differ from those
calculated from the experimental values by a constant
magnitude, indicating that additional reactions of eth-
ylene combustion occur in the holder rather than in the
active palladium centers. The latter value used mathe-
matical models to optimize the catalyst composition in
order to find the most efficient samples.[11-12-13]
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