Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

Neuroscience in Your Life: 
Moral Decisions and the Brain
FIGURE 5
Making moral decisions about whether to act honestly or dishonestly results in 
diff erent areas of the brain being activated. In a study in which people were induced to behave 
dishonestly, participants showed increased activity in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
(DLPFC) area of the brain when they made decisions to lie. 
(Source: Greene & Paxton, 2009, 
Figure 3A.)
BECOMING AN 
INFORMED CONSUMER
of Psychology
Dealing Eff ectively with Anger
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R E C A P / E V A L U A T E / R E T H I N K
K E Y T E R M S 
R E C A P 
Why are we attracted to certain people, and what progression 
do social relationships follow?
• The primary determinants of liking include proximity, 
exposure, similarity, and physical attractiveness. (p. 604)
• Loving is distinguished from liking by the presence of 
intense physiological arousal, an all-encompassing inter-
est in another, fantasies about the other, rapid swings of 
emotion, fascination, sexual desire, exclusiveness, and 
strong feelings of caring. (p. 604)
• Love can be categorized as passionate or companionate. 
In addition, love has several components: intimacy, pas-
sion, and decision/commitment. (p. 605)
What factors underlie aggression and prosocial behavior?
• Aggression is intentional injury of or harm to another 
person. (p. 608)
• Explanations of aggression include instinct approaches, 
frustration-aggression theory, and observational learn-
ing. (p. 610)
• Helping behavior in emergencies is determined in part 
by the phenomenon of diffusion of responsibility, which 
results in a lower likelihood of helping when more peo-
ple are present. (p. 611)
• Deciding to help is the outcome of a four-stage process 
that consists of noticing a possible need for help, 
interpreting the situation as requiring aid, assuming 
responsibility for taking action, and deciding on and 
implementing a form of assistance. (p. 611)