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Subject Index
I-25
Stereotyping
defi nition of, 343
gender, 344 f
Steroids, 77 f
Stimulants
amphetamines, 162–163
caffeine, 161 f –162
cocaine, 164
defi nition of, 161
nicotine, 162
Stimulus
absolute thresholds, 100–101
adaptation to, 102
CS (conditioned stimulus), 176,
177 f , 178
defi nition of, 99
difference thresholds, 101–102
discriminative, 191
feature detection by visual, 109
habituation, 395
neutral, 176, 177 f , 178
noise, 100–101
UCS (unconditioned stimu-
lus), 176, 177 f , 178
Weber’s law on, 102
Stimulus control training, 191
Stimulus generalization, 191
Stomach, 76 f
Storytellers/oral history, 229–230
Stress
college students suffering
from, 537
coping with, 478 f –479, 480–483
defi nition of, 473
GAS (general adaptation syn-
drome) on course of, 478 f –479
high cost of, 475–480
How Stressful Is Your Life?
quiz, 477 f
PNI (psychoneuroimmunology)
and, 472, 479–480
resilience and, 482
three major types of consequences
of, 479 f
Stressors
categorizing, 474–475
nature of, 473–474
Structuralism, 15
Subjective well-being, 495
Subliminal perception, 134
Substance abuse counselors. See also
Drug use/abuse, 557
Substance P, 121
Sudden awareness process, 256–257
Sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS), 150
Suicide of adolescents, 418–420
Super-recognizers, 98
Superego, 441
Supertasters, 119
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), 151
Surgery
pain management through, 123
psychosurgery, 568
Survey research
compared to other methods, 45 f
description of, 38
Sybil (fi lm), 518
Syllobistic reasoning, 247–248
Sympathetic division, 72, 73 f
Synapse, 65 f
Synesthesia, 123–124 f
Syntax, 265
Syphilis, 373, 391
Systematic desensitization,
549–550
T
Take a Taste Test, 120 f
Taste buds, 119
Taste (gustation)
sense of, 119
Take a Taste Test, 120 f
Tay-Schs Disease, 390
Teenagers. See Adolescence
Telegraphic speech, 267
Telephone “hot lines,” 571
Television violence, 201–202
Temperament, 455–456
Temperature sense, 120–123
Temporal lobes, 85 f
Terminal buttons, 61
Terrorism causality, 21
Terry-cloth “monkey” attachment
experiment, 399 f
A Test for Depression quiz, 521 f
Test standardization, 464
Testes
endocrine system and, 76 f
puberty and development of,
412–413 f
Testosterone
abuse by athletes of steroids
and, 77
gender behavior and fetal expo-
sure to, 352
marijuana use affecting, 168
Tests/testing. See also Quizzes
adaptive, 292
employer personality testing,
467–468
IAT (Implicit Association Test), 601
IQ (intelligence quotient), 287–292,
383–384, 462
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), 463–
464 f , 465
projective personality test, 465
psychological, 461–462
Rorschach test (inkblots), 465 f –466
standardized, 292–293 f
test standardization technique
for, 464
Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT), 466
Texting while driving, 21, 101
Texture gradient, 130
Thalamus, 83 f
That’s-not-all technique, 594
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT),
325, 466
Theories. See also Hypotheses
activation-synthesis, 147 f , 149
activity theory of aging, 431
attribution, 585
behavioral theories of depres-
sion, 523
biological and evolutionary
approaches to personality,
454–457 f
Cannon-Bard theory of emo-
tions, 332 f
CAPS (cognitive-affective process-
ing system), 453
cognitive learning theory, 198–203
cognitive theory of depression, 523
cognitive theory of schizophre-
nia, 528
description of, 34–35
diffusion of responsibility, 35,
41–46 f , 611
disengagement theory of
aging, 431
dreams-for-survival, 147 f , 148–149
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial
development, 403–404,
416 f –417, 446
fl uid and crystallized intelligence,
280–281, 287 f
frequency theory of hearing,
116–117
Freud’s psychoanalytic, 439–444
frustration-aggression, 609–610
Gardner’s multiple intelligences,
281–282 f , 287 f
GAS (general adaptation syn-
drome), 478 f –479
gate-control theory of pain, 122
genetic preprogramming theories
of aging, 427, 428
humanistic approaches to person-
ality, 457–459
information-processing approach
to intelligence, 281, 283, 287 f
James-Lange theory of emotions,
331–332 f
Jung’s collective unconscious,
445–446
Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development, 414–415
learning-theory approach to lan-
guage development, 267–268
levels-of-processing, 223–224
opponent-process theory of
color, 112
Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development, 405 f –408
place theory of hearing, 116
Schachter-Singer theory of emo-
tions, 332 f –333
self-determination, 315
sexual orientation, 368–369
Skinner’s behaviorist, 452
social cognitive approaches to per-
sonality, 452
social identity, 599
three dream, 147 f –149
trait, 448–451
trichromatic theory of color
vision, 111
unconscious wish fulfi ll-
ment, 147 f –148
wear-and-tear theories of
aging, 427–428
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