Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

placebo

 
A false treatment, such as a pill, 
“drug,” or other substance, without any signifi -
cant chemical properties or active ingredient 
(Module 6).

place theory of hearing

 
The theory that differ-
ent areas of the basilar membrane respond to 
different frequencies (Module 12).

plateau phase

 
The period in which the maxi-
mum level of arousal is attained, the penis and 
clitoris swell with blood, and the body prepares 
for orgasm (Module 33).

population

 
All the members of a group of 
interest (Module 58).

positive reinforcer

 
A stimulus added to the 
environment that brings about an increase in a 
preceding response (Module 18).

positive relationship

 
A relationship estab-
lished by data that shows high values of one 
variable corresponding with high values of 
another, and low values of the fi rst variable 
corresponding with low values of the other 
(Module 58).

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

 
A phenomenon in which victims of major 
catastrophes or strong personal stressors feel 
long-lasting effects that may include re- 
experiencing the event in vivid fl ashbacks or 
dreams (Module 43).

practical intelligence

 
According to Sternberg, 
intelligence related to overall success in living 
(Module 26).

prejudice

 
A negative (or positive) evaluation of 
a particular group and its members (Module 54).

premature ejaculation

 
A male’s inability to 
delay orgasm as long as he wishes (Module 34).