Understanding Psychology (10th Ed)

136 Chapter 
4 
Sensation and Perception
K E Y T E R M S
gestalt laws of
organization p. 126
top-down processing p. 127
bottom-up processing p. 128
depth perception p. 129
perceptual constancy p. 130
visual illusions p. 132
1.
a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2; 
2.
Featur
e;
3.
top-down, bottom-up; 
4.
per
ceptual 
constancy;
5.
Depth per
ception;
6.
binocular 
disparity
E VA LU AT E
1.
Match each of the following organizational laws with its 
meaning:
a.
closure
1.
Elements close together are 
b.
proximity
grouped together.
c.
similarity
2.
Patterns are perceived in the 
d.
simplicity
most basic, direct manner 
possible. 
3.
Groupings are made in terms of 
complete fi gures.
4.
Elements similar in appearance 
are grouped together.
2.
analysis deals with the way in which we break 
an object down into its component pieces in order to un-
derstand it.
3.
Processing that involves higher functions such as expecta-
tions and motivations is known as 
, whereas 
processing that recognizes the individual components of a 
stimulus is known as 
.
4.
When a car passes you on the road and appears to shrink 
as it gets farther away, the phenomenon of 
permits you to realize that the car is not in fact 
getting smaller.
5.
is the ability to view the world in 
three dimensions instead of two.
6.
The brain makes use of a phenomenon known as 
, or the difference in the images the 
two eyes see, to give three dimensions to sight.