Understanding language teaching: From Method to Postmethod


Part of the reason is that linguists on both sides of the Atlantic were influ-



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(ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series) B. Kumaravadivelu - Understanding Language Teaching From Method to Post-Method-Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. (2006)


Part of the reason is that linguists on both sides of the Atlantic were influ-
enced by the tenets of structural linguistics and behavioral psychology. In
view of that common ground, I combine the two traditions under one
98
CHAPTER 5


widely used label,
audiolingual method
, and discuss its theoretical principles
and classroom procedures.
5.1. THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES
As mentioned, the fundamental principles of language-centered pedagogy
are drawn from structural linguistics and behavioral psychology. These two
schools of thought from sister disciplines have informed the theory of lan-
guage, language learning, language teaching, and curricular specifications
of language-centered pedagogy.
5.1.1. Theory of Language
Language-centered pedagogists believed in the theory of language proposed
and propagated by American structural linguists during the 1950s. Structural
linguists treated language as a system of systems consisting of several hierar-
chically linked building blocks: phonemes, morphemes, phrases, clauses,
and sentences, each with its own internal structure. These subsystems of lan-
guage were thought to be linearly connected in a structured, systematic, and
rule-governed way; that is, certain phonemes systematically cluster together
to form a morpheme, certain morphemes systematically cluster together to
form a phrase, and so forth. Secondly, structural linguists viewed language as
aural–oral, thus emphasizing listening and speaking. Speech was considered
primary, forming the very basis of language. Structure was viewed as being at
the heart of speech. Thirdly, every language was looked upon as unique,
each having a finite number of structural patterns. Each structure can be an-
alyzed, described, systematized, and graded, and by implication, can be
learned and taught by taking a similar discrete path.
Structural linguists rejected the views of traditional grammarians, who
depended on philosophical and mentalistic approaches to the study of lan-
guage. Instead, structuralists claimed to derive their view of language
through a positivist and empiricist approach. A scientific approach to the
study of language, it was thought, would help identify the structural pat-
terns of language in a more rigorous way. Such an emphasis on scientific
methods of linguistic analysis dovetailed well with the views of behavioral
psychologists whose antimentalist views of human learning informed the
audiolingual theory of language learning.

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