Understanding language teaching: From Method to Postmethod


Learning-Centered Methods 134 PART THREE



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(ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series) B. Kumaravadivelu - Understanding Language Teaching From Method to Post-Method-Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. (2006)

7
Learning-Centered Methods
134
PART THREE
POSTMETHOD PERSPECTIVES
8
Postmethod Condition
161
9
Postmethod Pedagogy
185
10
Postmethod Predicament
215
Postscript: The Pattern Which Comforts
224
References
227
Author Index
245
Subject Index
251
Brief Contents
vii


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Preface: The Pattern Which Connects
xiii
PART ONE
LANGUAGE, LEARNING, AND TEACHING
1
Language: Concepts and Precepts
3
1. Introduction
3
1.1. Theoretical Concepts
3
1.1.1. Language as System
4
1.1.2. Language as Discourse
7
1.1.3. Language as Ideology
11
1.2. Pedagogic Precepts
16
1.2.1. Components of Competence
16
1.2.2. Areas of Knowledge/Ability
21
1.3. Conclusion
24
2
Learning: Factors and Processes
25
2. Introduction
25
2.1. Input
26
2.2. Intake
27
2.3. Intake Factors
29
2.3.1. Individual Factors
31
2.3.2. Negotiation Factors
34
2.3.3. Tactical Factors
36
2.3.4. Affective Factors
38
2.3.5. Knowledge Factors
41
Contents
ix


2.3.6. Environmental Factors
42
2.4. Intake Processes
45
2.4.1. Inferencing
45
2.4.2. Structuring
46
2.4.3. Restructuring
47
2.5. Output
48
2.6. An Interactive Framework of Intake Processes
49
2.7. Conclusion
53
3
Teaching: Input and Interaction
55
3. Introduction
55
3.1. Input Modifications
57
3.1.1. Form-Based Input Modifications
58
3.1.2. Meaning-Based Input Modifications
60
3.1.3. Form- and Meaning-Based Input Modifications
62
3.2. Interactional Activities
65
3.2.1. Interaction as a Textual Activity
66
3.2.2. Interaction as an Interpersonal Activity
70
3.2.3. Interaction as an Ideational Activity
71
3.3. Content Specifications
75
3.3.1. Syllabus Characteristics
75
3.3.2. Syllabus Classifications
79
3.4. Conclusion
80

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