Understanding Arts and Arts Education (Theory) Block : Art Education

small pair of wooden sticks
. 
The fourth
type is
that which is played with 
hands
like 
Ektara, Tanpura
etc.
2. Aerophones (Wind Instruments) - SUSHIR VADYA
The category of wind instruments or aerophones is known as SushirVadya.
The instruments in this category use air directly or indirectly for production
of various types of sounds .The word Sushira means hollow, perforated or
full of holes. The whistle , horn ,loudspeaker made of folded paper or a little
whistle known as Peepadi made from a smooth leaf folded are examples of
sushir ‘yantra’. Sushirvadyas are categorised according to different types of
sound producing methods . Some have a mouthpiece through which one

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Notes
Performing Art Practical
Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed)
blows to produce sound like flute or algoza . Some have a mechanism such
as the reeds like harmonium to produce sounds. Another kind of SushirVadya
produces sound through bellows.
When through blowing or bellowing
air is made to vibrate ,the frequency
level of the vibration produces
different shrutis or identifiable notes
. Covering and uncovering the holes
with fingertips or stoppers
modulates the sound of the wind
instruments. Some other
instruments are;
Ran Singha………..Jammu
Algoza…………Rajasthan
Harmonium, flute, Bansuri, shehnai, turi, beeh etc.
3. Membranophones (Skin Instruments) - AVANADDHA VADYA
Avanaddh means ‘that which is covered’. AvanaddhVadyas are those
instruments whose openings are covered. Instruments with a hollow form
made of wood, clay or metal, covered with animal hide or membrane are
percussive by nature. The earliest of the Avanaddha instruments could have
been tree stumps which stood vertically on the ground . Having a single
face, which might have been hollowed out and when covered with a hide or
membrane might have become the first drum. As the art of scooping out
portions of felled tree trunks was gradually perfected, hollow forms in various
shapes and sizes became the base for creating different kinds of musical
instruments.
Digging a pit for arresting animals and
then covering the part of the earth with
the hide of the animal after consuming
the meat created another drum which
has been termed the
BhoomiDundubhi. The membrane
was struck with the animal’s tail,
which was left intact.The tightly
stretched membrane covering the
openings of the hollow body by
nailing it to the ground was either
struck by the hand or with an object for producing sound.

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