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Malysheva Leksikologiya anglyskogo yazyka Unlock

Combining form (or completive) is a bound form which should not be confused with an affix. A combining form can be distinguished from an affix historically by the fact that it is always borrowed from another language (Greek or Latin), in which it existed as a free form or also as a combining form. Com­bining forms differ from other borrowings in that they occur in compounds and derivatives which did not exist in their original language but were formed only in modern times in English, Russian, etc., e.g. polyclinic, stereophonic, televi­sion. Combining forms are mostly international. There are structural differences between combining forms and affixes: 1. a combining form can occur as a com­ponent of a form whose only other component is an affix (graphic, aerate);

  1. affixes are characterized either by preposition with respect to the root (prefixes) or by postposition (suffixes), whereas the same combining form may occur in both positions (cf. phonograph, microphone). The question arises whether they should be treated as affixes or whether they are nearer to the elements of com­pounds, because in the languages from which they came many of them had the status of words. Different scholars treated them differently but now it is almost universally recognized that they constitute a specific type of linguistic units - combining forms.

Here are some examples of combining forms:
astro- (from Greek astron “star”) - astronomy;
auto- (from Greek autos “self”) - automatic;
bio- (from Greek bios “life”) - biology;
dendro- (from Greek dendron “tree”) - dendrology;
geo- (from Greek ge “earth”) - geology;

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