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APPENDICES

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   Circuit symbols
   

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   Model of an abstract
   

Rick Cushing, «Single-Sideband Upconversion of Quadrature DDS Signals to the 800-to-2500-MHz Band» Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 1998 DAI-B 59/06, p. 2797, Dec 1998.
The paper under discussion covers the area of radio engineering and deals with a problem of low frequency signals and their quadrature modulation. Its key idea is to introduce the basic unconvert principles for quadrature low-frequency signals carried by means of direct digital synthesis. The engineering approach to the problem is based on upconversion methodology to suggest innovative solutions for low-frequency signals by means of integrated circuits. Besides, a problem of transformation without loss of quality is thoroughly considered. The results of laboratory studies on direct digital synthesis are analyzed in detail. Particular attention is given to the main parameters of signals with view to their transformation characteristics. The data obtained are backed up by the figures given to illustrate the main transformation processes and their properties. The material presented can open new prospects for further research studies. It seems to be interesting to those who work in the field of digital radio engineering.
Key words: digital radio engineering, low frequency signals, quadrature modulation, upconversion methodology, direct digital synthesis.


Commentaries:
В первом предложении дана информация о предметной области и объекте исследования (the subject area and the research object):
The paper under discussion covers the area of radio engineering and deals with a problem of low frequency signals and their quadrature modulation.
Второе предложение содержит информацию о цели и предмете исследования (the aim and the subject of the investigation):
Its key idea is to introduce the basic unconvert principles for quadrature low-frequency signals carried by means of direct digital synthesis.
Содержание третьего предложения – методология/ реализуемый подход к решению проблемы (Methodology):
The engineering approach to the problem is based on upconversion methodology to suggest innovative solutions for low-frequency signals by means of integrated circuits.
Четвертое – шестое предложения в тексте аннотации раскрывают детали содержания:
Besides, a problem of transformation without loss of quality is thoroughly considered. The results of laboratory studies on direct digital synthesis are analyzed in detail. Particular attention is given to the main parameters of signals with view to their transformation characteristics.
Седьмое – девятое предложения иллюстрируют итоги работы и содержат заключение о значении данного исследования в широком контексте данной области знания:
The data obtained are backed up by the figures given to illustrate the main transformation processes and their properties. The material presented can open new prospects for further research studies. It seems to be interesting to those who work in the field of digital radio engineering.

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