Types of meaning. Motivation of the word

TYPES OF MEANING. MOTIVATION OF THE WORD.

Lexical meaning

For example: “Cow” not only signifies particular consept the material or lexical meaning of the Item but it does so according to the particular mode of signifying . For example: as a substance, a quality, an action etc.
Lexical items are traditionally said to have both lexi-cal and grammatical meaning.

Grammatical meaning

The grammatical meaning Is the formal meaning of a word. It is defined as the meaning belonging to the lexico-grammatical classes and grammatical categories. It is expressed by the words form. Every word belongs to a define part of speech and every part of speech has a certain grammatical categories.
For example: Verbs have tense, voice, mood, person etc. Nouns have categories of case number etc. For example the words “asked” “thought” “talked” “took” “ran” have the grammatical meaning of tense. The grammatical meaning unites words into big groups such as Parts of speech

The lexical meaning of a word falls into two:

• Denotational meaning

Makes communication possible because words donate things consepts, they name them. For example: the denotational meaning of the word “Table” is a piece of furniture consisting of a flat top with four supports “called legs” Word refer not only To thing but to the User’s own feelings. The common term for the word’s objective reference Is denotion.

• Conotational meaning

The connotational meaning is a meaning which has a stylistic shade. It serves to express all sort of Emotions, expressiveness. Connotation maybe shortly defined as emotional and evaluative component of the lexical meaning. Comparing the meanings of English words “Well-known”, “famous”,”no-torious” we see that all these words express the denotional meaning “widely-known”

DENOTATIVE COMPONENTS

• The following list presents denotative components of some ENGLISH adjectives and verbs:
• Lonely, adj-alone
• Notorious, Adj –widely known
• Celebrated, adj-Widely known
• To glare, v-To look
• To glance, v-to look
• To shiver, v-To tremble
• To shudder, v-to tremble

Evaluative connotation

Evaluative connotation

• Evaluative connotations denotes approval or dissaproval relations to the thing or phenomena.
• For example colt –a young male horse used for a young unexperienced person:
• Pup- a young dog Used a person.

These words have negative evaluation. But in English we have words which have positive evaluation.

For example:bunny, bunting.

Intensifying connotation

• Intensifying connotation Is the reinforcement of the sign: it indicates the Special importance of the thing expressed.
• For example: Awfully glad, terribly important.

The Meaning of a word maybe realized by its structure. A direct connection between the structural pattern of the word and it’s meaning is called. The motivation of a word. Motivation maybe morphological, phonetical and semantic. The relationship between morphemic structure and meaning is called morphological motivation.

• The Meaning of a word maybe realized by its structure. A direct connection between the structural pattern of the word and it’s meaning is called. The motivation of a word. Motivation maybe morphological, phonetical and semantic. The relationship between morphemic structure and meaning is called morphological motivation.
• For example: sing, tell, eat, read, open, go are non-motivated words because each of them has simple stem and one morpheme.
• Ring, finger are non-motived but finger-ring motivated.
• We differ two approaches to the study of motivation:
• 1)diachronic. 2) Synchronic
• For example: The word “Essex” “Norfolk” “Sustom” were non motivated In old English.
• But: east-Saxon, “North+Folk” “South Town” In modern English are motivated.