Transportation

Table 1: Classifying Contactless mobile payments applications¹

ITs Category	specific ITs applications
1. Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)	Real-time Traffic Information Provision
	Route Guidance/Navigation Systems
	Parking Information
	Roadside Weather Information Systems
2. Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS)	Traffic Operations Centers (TOCs)
	Adaptive Traffic Signal Control
	Dynamic Message Signs (or “Variable” Message Signs)
	Ramp Metering
3. ITS-Enabled Transportation Pricing Systems	Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
	Congestion Pricing/Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
	Fee-Based Express (HOT) Lanes
	Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT) Usage Fees
	Variable Parking Fees
4. Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS)	Real-time Status Information for Public Transit System (e.g. Bus, Subway, Rail)
	Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)
	Electronic Fare Payment (for example, Smart Cards)
5. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Integration (VII) and Vehicle- to-Vehicle Integration (V2V)	Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System (CICAS)
	Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA)

Box 1: Key UnderlyIng TeChnologIes for ITs

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  Global Positioning System (GPS). Embedded GPS receivers in vehicles’ on-board units (OBUs, a common term for telematics devices) receive signals from several different satellites to calculate the device’s (and thus the vehicle’s) position. This requires line of sight to satellites, which can inhibit use of GPS in downtown settings due to “urban canyon” effects. Location can usually be determined to within ten meters. GPS is the core technology behind many in-vehicle navigation and route guidance systems. Several countries, notably Holland and Germany, are using or will use OBUs equipped with satellite-based GPS devices to record miles traveled by automobiles and/or trucks in order to implement user fees based on vehicle miles traveled to finance their transportation systems.
  

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