Transitive and intransitive verbs (o’timli va o’timsiz fe’llar)

Demonstrative pronouns

1. Ingliz tilida 4 ta ko’rsatish olmoshlari bor: this, that, such, same. This (mana bu) va that (ana u) olmoshlarining ko’plik shakllari bor: these (mana bular), those (ana ular).

2. Bu olmoshlar ba’zan paytni ko’rsatuvchi otlar bilan ham ishlatilishi mumkin. This va these olmoshlari hozirgi zamon ko’rsatgichi, that va those olmoshlari esa o’tgan zamon ko’rsatgichlari ma’nosida ham ishlatiladi: - Why don’t you come and see me some time? How about this Sunday, if it’s convenient? – Nima uchun biror vaqt meni ko’rgani kelmaysiz? Shu yakshanbaga nima deysiz, agar sizga qulay bo’lsa?

3. That va those olmoshlari 1 - gapda ishlatilgan otni 2 – marta takrorlamaslik uchun uning o’rniga ishlatilishi mumkin: She was a good teacher. She knew how to teach the bright children and those (children) who were slow. U yaxshi o’qituvchi edi. U qobiliyatli bolalarni va o’sha sust o’zlashtiruvchilarni ham qandya o’qitishni bilardi

4. Those olmoshi who nisbiy bog’lovchisi bilan bog’langan, sifatdosh va –ing qo’shimchasi bilan kelishi mumkin. Those olmoshi who bog’lovchisi bilan kelganda who bog’lovchisini ko’plik shakliga aylantiradi: Serious newspapers are read by those (=people) who want to know about important happenings everywhere. Jiddiy gazetalar hamma joyda muhim voqealar haqida bilishni xohlaganlar tomonidan o’qiladi. Even those (=people) who don’t’ like his pictures are not indifferent to him. Uning rasmini yoqtirmaydigalar ham unga befarq emas. Those (=people) injured in the accident were taken to hospital. Avariyada yaralangalar kasalxonag olib ketildi.

5. That, this olmoshlari bilan quyidagi birikmalar hosil bo’ladi: That’s right - bu haq, to’g’ri, that’s all right. Hammasi joyida. Like that – bunday, like this – shunday. More than that – bundan tashqari, that is – ya’ni.

6. Such – shunday, shundayin olmoshi biror predmetning qandaydir bir turini ifodalab ba’zan darajani ham ifodalaydi. He said such a story … U shundayin bir hikoya aytdiki … . Quyidagi birikmalar hosil qiladi: such as – ya’ni, misol uchun, They export a lot of fruit, such as oranges, lemons etc. (=for example). Ular ko’p meva eksport qiladi, misol uchun apelsin, limon va h. It is all the same to me. Menga buni farqi yo’q. all the same – baribir. I don’t think he’ll want to see me. But I’ll come all the same. Much the same – o’sha-o’sha. How is he today? Much the same. U bugun qanday. O’sha-o’sha.