Tourism, Security and Safety From Theory to Practice

Concept Definitions
Armed robbery
The taking of anything of value from a person by use of force
or intimidation, while armed with a dangerous weapon.
Authentic experience
Modern society is conceptualized as shallow, inauthentic,
and alienating. Therefore, authenticity is thought to be elsewhere and beyond the
immediate and mundane experience of most people—it is something that has to be
sought after. From this perspective people are induced by their alienated circum-
stances to become tourists, seekers of the authentic.
Contextual weaknesses
The circumstances surrounding the crime incident that
clearly increases the victim’s vulnerability to attack.
Hot spot perspective
The focus on a physical location that places offender and
potential victim in contiguity, thus increasing the probability and the opportunity
for the crime to occur.
Opportunist robber
This is the most common type of robber. They appear to act
randomly but with consideration for victim vulnerability, potential for getting
money, location suitability, and escape opportunities, which indicates some plan-
ning and thought occurs before the commission of a crime.
Rational choice perspective
This perspective suggests that opportunities are
created by the choices offenders make.
Routine activities perspective
This perspective emphasizes the structural fea-
tures of opportunity largely apart from the motivations of either offender or victim,
even though the victim and a motivated offender are part of the model. Robberies
occur when victim(s) and offender(s) occupy the same physical space at the same
time without the presence of capable guardianship.
Second gaze
The second gaze simply emphasizes the desire on the part of the
tourist to get beyond touristic representations.
Simple robbery
The taking of anything of value from a person by use of force
or intimidation without being armed with a dangerous weapon.