Tourism, Security and Safety From Theory to Practice

Concept Definitions
Age of Attention Deficit Disorder (AADD)
The period of time in which the public
demands instant answers to complex problems and seeks simple solutions to compli-
cated issues.
Allocentric tourist
One who is willing to accept a high level of risk as part of
leisure travel.
Hegelian theory
The assumption that social movements in history produce counter
or opposite movements that in turn form a new historical worldview that then pro-
duces a new counter viewpoint.
Homo videns
The idea that human beings are now defined by what they view rather
than by what they know, thus replacing the idea of 
Homo sapiens
.
Messianism
An idealized state of mind, mixing religion and terrorism, so as to
implement a form of restorative nostalgia.
Nostaglia
A longing for a past that may be true, even if idealized. Nostalgia has
two forms, restorative and reflexive.
Reflective nostalgia
The more passive and less dangerous form of nostalgia; often
used as a marketing tool within the tourism industry.
Restorative nostalgia
A more militant form of nostalgia that often seeks to recreate
past glories or perceived past glories through violent means or acts of terrorism.
Post-history
The period of time after the end of the cold war when nostalgia for the
past produces a series of low-grade or quasi-wars rather than nation vs nation wars.
Psychocentric
The desire to avoid the greatest amount of risk possible in leisure travel.
Surety
The probabilistic point in which security, economics, and safety meet.
TOPS
Acronym for Tourism Oriented Policing (or Protective) Services. A philoso-
phy that sees security as an integral part of the tourism industry.
Review Questions
1. How does nostalgia impact acts of terrorism against the tourism industry?
2. How do criminal acts differ from terrorist acts in regards to tourism?
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3. What are the European roots of terrorism and how have these roots impacted the
Middle East?
4. What are the differences among security, safety, and surety?
5. What are the differences between an apocalyptic terrorist and a practical
terrorist?
6. What are four factors that may help to predict a major terrorism attack?
7. How did the tourism surety paradigm change after September 11, 2001?