TOURISM INVESTMENT &
FINANCE
80
Unit 7: Monitor and
Evaluate Sustainable
Tourism Investment and Finance Projects
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to:
•
Understand effective measurement and evaluation strategies
•
Understanding possible measures and indicators to track and monitor
•
Understand how to measure actual investment and investment impact
•
Incorporate monitoring and evaluation into ongoing
investment operations
Monitoring and evaluating (M&E) social and environmental impacts of sustainable tourism
projects should be incorporated in the program design.
D
EFINING
P
ROJECT
O
BJECTIVES
Monitoring includes collecting data and measuring progress towards a goal. Evaluation includes
data analysis to gauge the extent of the impact and the efficiency with which they are being met.
With appropriate information program managers adjust strategies and objectives to reach and
even improve desired outcomes.
Key M&E questions include (Khan, undated)
•
Is the project efficiently achieving its goals or does it need adjustment?
•
Are the original assumptions standing up through experience or do they need to be
modified? Do the goals need modification?
•
Are the time tables being met or do they need updating?
•
There are additional benefits emerging that were not predicted at the outset of the
project?
E
FFECTIVE
M
EASURING AND
E
VALUATION
S
TRATEGIES AND
F
RAMEWORKS
To learn more about measuring
and evaluation strategies, refer to Gutierrez (2011), Unit 6
“Major Activities, Monitoring Plans and Project Timelines.”
TOURISM INVESTMENT & FINANCE
81
P
OSSIBLE
M
EASURES AND
I
NDICATORS TO
T
RACK AND
M
ONITOR
Indicators allow destinations to track their progress towards a goal as well as demonstrate
achievements and shortfalls. “An indicator is something that helps you understand where you
are, which way you are going, and how far you are from where you want to be”
(
www.sustainablemeasures.com/node/89
). A good indicator proactively signals a problem,
ideally, before it overwhelms. Traditional indicators measure economic, social, and
environmental impacts. Indicators reflect program designers’ assumptions. If designers assume
that linkages exist between the three dimensions of the Triple
Bottom Line, then they choose
indicators that cast light on those linkages. If at the time they design the project, they do not
direct their indicators to those linkages, then those dimensions will remain separate (Figure 7.1).
Figure 7.1. Linkages between Three
Dimensions of Environment, Economics, and Society
(Sustainable Measures, undated). Each line represents assumptions about the relationship
between
the connected elements, for which one or more indicators could measure those
relationships.
While no rules dictate the number and types of indicators a project should monitor, several
factors that should influence that decision including a variety of quantitative and qualitative
sources, accessibility, reliability, as well as feasibility (Table 7.1).
TOURISM INVESTMENT & FINANCE
82
Table 7.1. Indicator Types (Hawkins & Lamoureux, 2008)
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: