Tourism investment & finance 21 Unit 2: Evaluate Investment Environment



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Investment Intermediaries
(Promoters): Some companies specialize in investment 
promotion and securing debt financing, often on a success-fee basis.
S
UMMARY
 
Project definition, design, and promotion can be challenging and time consuming, depending 
upon capital requirements and project complexity. It is also a high-risk process. Many projects 
never make it past definition and design. Resources spent in developing the concept may be 
lost if financing cannot be obtained. It is important to learn as much as possible at the outset 
about potential obstacles to project development and get an early start in defining strategies to 
overcome them. 


TOURISM INVESTMENT & FINANCE
80 
Unit 7: Monitor and Evaluate Sustainable 
Tourism Investment and Finance Projects
At the end of this unit, participants will be able to: 

Understand effective measurement and evaluation strategies

Understanding possible measures and indicators to track and monitor 

Understand how to measure actual investment and investment impact

Incorporate monitoring and evaluation into ongoing investment operations 
Monitoring and evaluating (M&E) social and environmental impacts of sustainable tourism 
projects should be incorporated in the program design.
D
EFINING 
P
ROJECT 
O
BJECTIVES 
Monitoring includes collecting data and measuring progress towards a goal. Evaluation includes 
data analysis to gauge the extent of the impact and the efficiency with which they are being met. 
With appropriate information program managers adjust strategies and objectives to reach and 
even improve desired outcomes. 
Key M&E questions include (Khan, undated) 

Is the project efficiently achieving its goals or does it need adjustment? 

Are the original assumptions standing up through experience or do they need to be 
modified? Do the goals need modification? 

Are the time tables being met or do they need updating? 

There are additional benefits emerging that were not predicted at the outset of the 
project? 
E
FFECTIVE 
M
EASURING AND 
E
VALUATION 
S
TRATEGIES AND 
F
RAMEWORKS 
To learn more about measuring and evaluation strategies, refer to Gutierrez (2011), Unit 6 
“Major Activities, Monitoring Plans and Project Timelines.”


TOURISM INVESTMENT & FINANCE
81 
P
OSSIBLE 
M
EASURES AND 
I
NDICATORS TO 
T
RACK AND 
M
ONITOR 
Indicators allow destinations to track their progress towards a goal as well as demonstrate 
achievements and shortfalls. “An indicator is something that helps you understand where you 
are, which way you are going, and how far you are from where you want to be” 
(
www.sustainablemeasures.com/node/89
). A good indicator proactively signals a problem, 
ideally, before it overwhelms. Traditional indicators measure economic, social, and 
environmental impacts. Indicators reflect program designers’ assumptions. If designers assume 
that linkages exist between the three dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line, then they choose 
indicators that cast light on those linkages. If at the time they design the project, they do not 
direct their indicators to those linkages, then those dimensions will remain separate (Figure 7.1).
Figure 7.1. Linkages between Three Dimensions of Environment, Economics, and Society 
(Sustainable Measures, undated). Each line represents assumptions about the relationship 
between the connected elements, for which one or more indicators could measure those 
relationships. 
While no rules dictate the number and types of indicators a project should monitor, several 
factors that should influence that decision including a variety of quantitative and qualitative 
sources, accessibility, reliability, as well as feasibility (Table 7.1). 


TOURISM INVESTMENT & FINANCE
82 
Table 7.1. Indicator Types (Hawkins & Lamoureux, 2008)

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