Tourism impact research methods and case studies

Costs of mega events
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Negative impacts are often ignored prior to hosting the mega-event, 
while expected benefits are glorified
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Studies suggest that residents do not regard the environmental damage
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price inflation and an increase in local tax to construct the facilities 
required to host the event
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Often mismanagement of funds (corruption)
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Traffic congestion
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Increased crime
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negative influence on traditional family values
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Cultural commercialization 
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Conflicts between the host community and visitors
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Destruction of the physical and natural environment

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TOURISM IMPACTS: CASE STUDY 2
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Methods
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Data collected twice: before and 3 months after World Cup in 
2002
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Respondents were selected from a number of cities in Korea
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Data were gathered at subway stations, train stations, bus 
terminals, restaurants, hotels, and city halls
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1/5 passing by people responded
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Convenience sampling (selection bias)
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Sample size = 811 people (378 before and 453 after the games) 

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TOURISM IMPACTS: CASE STUDY 2
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TOURISM IMPACTS: CASE STUDY 2
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Results
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Significant perceptual change in South Koreans’ perceptions of pre- and 
postgame impacts
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Expected benefits had higher values than perceived benefits 

high 
expectations about the benefits that were not met
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Differences: ‘benefits of cultural exchange’’ followed by ‘‘economic benefits’’ 
and ‘‘natural resource and cultural development’’.
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The ‘‘economic benefits’’ had the lowest mean (largest gap)
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Traffic congestion, and price increases did not occur as much as the residents 
expected