30. Elektrodlarning normal elektrod potensialidan foydalanib, 298 K da kumush galoidlarning eruvchanliklari nisbatini aniqlang.
31. 250C da quyidagi galvanik elementning
Pb / PbJ2(q), J-(a =1), Pb2+(a = 0,01)/Pb
EYuK i E = 0,172 V ga teng. PbJ2 ning eruvchanligini aniqlang.
Cd/CdJ2, AgJ (q) /Ag galvanik elementning EYuK 250C da E = 0,2860 V ga teng. Eritmadagi CdJ2 ning termodinamik aktivligini aniqlang.
KO‘P VARIANTLI MASALALAR
m1 va m2 mol/1000g konsentratsiyali B elektrolit eritmasiga A metaldan yasalgan elektrod tushirib konsentratsion galvanik element tuzilgan. 298 K da elementning EYUK ni aniqlang. Termodinamik aktivlik koeffisiyentining qiymati ma’lumotno-madan olinsin yoki suyultirilgan eritmalar uchun ion qoidasidan foydalanib topilsin.
Вариант рақами
|
Moddalar
|
m1
|
m2
|
A
|
B
|
1
|
Cu
|
CuCl2
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
Cu
|
CuCl2
|
0,2
|
0,05
|
3
|
Cu
|
CuCl2
|
2
|
0,006
|
4
|
Cu
|
CuCl2
|
0,02
|
0,6
|
5
|
Cu
|
CuSO4
|
0,1
|
0,5
|
6
|
Cu
|
CuSO4
|
0,01
|
1
|
7
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
0,2
|
0,61
|
8
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
2
|
0,7
|
9
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
0,05
|
6
|
10
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
1
|
7
|
11
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
0,2
|
8
|
12
|
Cd
|
Cd(NO3)2
|
7
|
8
|
13
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
0,05
|
2
|
14
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
1
|
0,2
|
15
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
0,5
|
1
|
16
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
3
|
4
|
17
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
0,02
|
0,05
|
18
|
Cd
|
CdSO4
|
0,1
|
3
|
19
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
1
|
7
|
20
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
0,2
|
8
|
21
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
7
|
8
|
22
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
0,05
|
2
|
23
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
1
|
0,2
|
24
|
Zn
|
ZnSO4
|
0,5
|
1
|
25
|
Cd
|
CdJ2
|
3
|
4
|
26
|
Cd
|
CdJ2
|
0,02
|
0,05
|
ELEKTROKIMYOVIY JARAYONLAR TERMODINAMIKASIGA
DOIR FIZIK-KIMYOVIY KATTALIKLAR MA’LUMOTNOMASI
1-jadval
№ t.b.
|
Elektrodlar
|
Reaksiyalar
|
φ°, V
|
Kationga nisbatan qaytar ishlovchi elektrodlar
|
|
Li+, Li
|
Li+ + e → Li
|
-3,045
|
|
K+, K
|
K+ + e → K
|
-2,925
|
|
Rb+, Rb
|
Rb+ + e → Rb
|
-2,925
|
|
Cs+, Cs
|
Cs+ + e → Cs
|
-2,923
|
|
Ra2+, Ra
|
Ra2+ + 2e → Ra
|
-2,916
|
|
Ca2+, Ca
|
Ca2+ + 2e → Ca
|
-2,866
|
|
Na+, Na
|
Na+ + e → Na
|
-2,714
|
|
Mg2+, Mg
|
Mg2+ + 2e → Mg
|
-2,363
|
|
H+, H
|
H+ + e → H
|
-2,106
|
|
Th4+, Th
|
Th4+ + 4e → Th
|
-1,899
|
|
Be2+, Be
|
Be2+ + 2e → Be
|
-1,847
|
|
U3+, U
|
U3+ + 3e → U
|
-1,789
|
|
Al3+, Al
|
Al3+ + 3e → Al
|
-1,662
|
|
Mn2+, Mn
|
Mn2+ + 2e → Mn
|
-1,180
|
|
Cr2+, Cr
|
Cr2+ + 2e → Cr
|
-0,913
|
|
Zn2+, Zn
|
Zn2+ + 2e → Zn
|
-0,763
|
|
Cr3+, Cr
|
Cr3+ + 3e → Cr
|
-0,744
|
|
Fe2+, Fe
|
Fe2+ + 2e → Fe
|
-0,440
|
|
Cd2+, Cd
|
Cd2+ + 2e → Cd
|
-0,403
|
|
In3+, In
|
In3+ + 3e → In
|
-0,343
|
|
Tl+, Tl
|
Tl+ + e → Tl
|
-0,336
|
|
Co2+, Co
|
Co2+ + 2e → Co
|
-0,277
|
|
Ni2+, Ni
|
Ni2+ + 2e → Ni
|
-0,250
|
|
Sn2+, Sn
|
Sn2+ + 2e → Sn
|
-0,136
|
|
Pb2+, Pb
|
Pb2+ + 2e → Pb
|
-0,126
|
|
Fe3+, Fe
|
Fe3+ + 3e → Fe
|
-0,036
|
|
H+, H2
|
H+ + e → ½ H2
|
0,000
|
|
Cu2+, Cu
|
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu
|
+0,337
|
|
Cu+, Cu
|
Cu+ + e → Cu
|
+0,521
|
|
Hg22+, Hg
|
½ Hg22+ + e → Hg
|
+0,798*
|
|
Ag+, Ag
|
Ag+ + e → Ag
|
+0,799
|
|
Hg2+, Hg
|
Hg2+ + 2e → Hg
|
+0,854
|
|
Au3+, Au
|
Au3+ + 3e → Au
|
+1,498
|
|
Pu3+, Pu
|
Pu3+ + 3e → Pu
|
+2,03
|
Anionga nisbatan qaytar ishlovchi elektrodlar
|
|
Se, Se2-
|
Se + 2e → Se2-
|
-0,92
|
|
S, S2-
|
S + 2e → S2-
|
-0,447
|
|
O2, OH-
|
½ O2 + H2O + 2e → 2OH-
|
+0,401
|
|
J2 (qat.), J-
|
½ J2 + e → J-
|
+0,536
|
|
Br2 (s), Br-
|
½ Br2 + e → Br-
|
+1,065
|
|
Cl2 (g.), Cl-
|
½ Cl2 + e → Cl-
|
+1,360
|
|
F2 (g.), F-
|
½ F2 + e → F-
|
+2,87
|
Ikkinchi tur elektrodlar
|
|
Ca, Ca(OH)2, OH-
|
Ca(OH)2 + 2e → Ca + 2OH-
|
-3,02
|
|
Mg, Mg(OH)2, OH-
|
Mg(OH)2 + 2e → Mg + 2OH-
|
-2,69
|
|
U, UO2, OH-
|
UO2 + 2H2O + 4e → U + 4OH-
|
-2,39
|
|
Al, Al(OH)3, OH-
|
Al(OH)3 + 3e → Al + 3OH-
|
-2,30
|
|
Mn, Mn(OH)2, OH-
|
Mn(OH)2 + 2e → Mn + 2OH-
|
-1,55
|
|
Zn, Zn(OH)2, OH-
|
Zn(OH)2 + 2e → Zn + 2OH-
|
-1,245
|
|
Fe, Fe(OH)2, OH-
|
Fe(OH)2 + 2e → Fe + 2OH-
|
-0,877
|
|
Si, SiO2, H+
|
SiO2 + 4H+ + 4e → Si + 2H2O
|
-0,857
|
|
Cd, Cd(OH)2, OH-
|
Cd(OH)2 + 2e → Cd + 2OH-
|
-0,809
|
|
Tl, TlJ, J-
|
TlJ + e → Tl + J-
|
-0,753
|
|
Ni, Ni(OH)2, OH-
|
Ni(OH)2 + 2e → Ni + 2OH-
|
-0,72
|
|
Ag, Ag2S(α), S2-
|
Ag2S(α) + 2e → 2Ag + S2-
|
-0,66
|
|
Pb, PbO, OH-
|
PbO + H2O + 2e → Pb + 2OH-
|
-0,578
|
|
Tl, TlCl, Cl-
|
TlCl + e → Tl + Cl-
|
-0,557
|
|
Bi, Bi2O3, OH-
|
Bi2O3 + 3H2O + 3e → 2Bi + 6OH-
|
-0,46
|
|
Pb, PbJ2, J-
|
PbJ2 + 2e → Pb + 2J-
|
-0,365
|
|
Pb, PbSO4, SO42-
|
PbSO4 + 2e → Pb + SO4-
|
-0,356
|
|
Pb, PbBr2, Br-
|
PbBr2 + 2e → Pb + 2Br-
|
-0,284
|
|
Pb, PbCl2, Cl-
|
PbCl2 + 2e → Pb + 2Cl-
|
-0,268
|
|
Cu, CuJ, J-
|
CuJ + e → Cu + J-
|
-0,185
|
|
Ag, AgJ, J-
|
AgJ + e → Ag + J-
|
-0,152
|
|
Ge, GeO2, H+
|
GeO2 + 4H+ + 4e → Ge + 2H2O
|
-0,15
|
|
Hg, Hg2J2, J-
|
½ H2J2 + e → Hg + J-
|
-0,040
|
|
Ag, AgCN, CN-
|
AgCN + e → Ag + CN-
|
-0,017
|
|
Ag, AgBr, Br-
|
AgBr + e → Ag + Br-
|
+0,071
|
|
Hg, HgO, OH-
|
HgO + H2O + 2e → Hg + 2OH-
|
+0,098
|
|
Cu, CuCl, Cl-
|
CuCl + e → Cu + Cl-
|
+0,137
|
|
Hg, Hg2Br2, Br-
|
½ H2Br2 + e → Hg + Br-
|
+0,140
|
|
Sb, Sb2O3, H+
|
Sb2O3 + 6H+ + 6e → 2Sb + 3H2O
|
+0,152
|
|
Ag, AgCl, Cl-
|
AgCl + e → Ag + Cl-
|
+0,222
|
|
Hg, Hg2Cl2, Cl-
|
½ H2Cl2 + e → Hg + Cl-
|
+0,268
|
|
Ag, AgJO3, JO3-
|
AgJO3 + e → Ag + JO3-
|
+0,354
|
|
Bi, Bi2O3, H+
|
Bi2O3 + 6H+ + 6e → 2Bi + 3H2O
|
+0,371
|
|
Ag, Ag2CrO4, CrO42-
|
Ag2CrO4 + 2e → 2Hg + CrO42-
|
+0,464
|
|
Hg, Hg2SO4, SO42-
|
Hg2SO4 + 2e → 2Hg + SO42-
|
+0,615
|
|
Ag, Ag2SO4, SO42-
|
Ag2SO4 + 2e → 2Hg + SO42-
|
+0,654
|
|
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