Nazariy savollarga javob berish.
Amaliy topshiriqni bajaring.
Hisobot tayyorlash.
Eslatma: talabalar 2-jadvalda keltirilgan variant nomeri bo‘yicha o‘z variantlarini tanlab oladilar va nazariy savollar nomerlari bo‘yicha savollarga javob tayyorlaydilar.
2 - jadval
№
|
Talabalarining F.I.Sh.
|
Variant nomeri
|
Nazariy savollar nomeri
|
|
Abdimuradov Azizbek
|
№ 1.
|
1, 67
|
|
Abdujalilov Yusuf
|
№ 2.
|
2, 68
|
|
Abdukhamidov Mukhriddin
|
№ 3.
|
3, 69
|
|
Abdurasulov Quvonchbek
|
№ 4.
|
4, 70
|
|
Abdusamatov Bexruz
|
№ 5.
|
5, 71
|
|
Akmaljonov Vasiljon
|
№ 6.
|
6, 72
|
|
Akromov Muslimbek
|
№ 7.
|
7, 73
|
|
Aminjonov Eldor
|
№ 8.
|
8, 74
|
|
Axmadjonova Madinaxon
|
№ 9.
|
9, 75
|
|
Bekmuradov Abdulatif
|
№ 10.
|
10, 76
|
|
Boymirzayev Shahzod
|
№ 11.
|
11, 77
|
|
Boymurodova Lobar
|
№ 12.
|
12, 78
|
|
Bozorov Ozodbek
|
№ 13.
|
13, 79
|
|
Dexqonov Xolidbek
|
№ 14.
|
14, 80
|
|
Egamberdiyev Hojiakbar
|
№ 15.
|
15, 81
|
|
Esanov Mashrab
|
№ 16.
|
16, 82
|
|
Eshonqulova Zebiniso
|
№ 17.
|
17, 83
|
|
Ikromov Abdurauf
|
№ 18.
|
18, 84
|
|
Imomov Eshqul
|
№ 19.
|
19, 85
|
|
Iskandarov Asror
|
№ 20.
|
20, 86
|
|
Izomov Ikromjon
|
№ 21.
|
21, 87
|
|
Javlonov Elbek
|
№ 22.
|
22, 88
|
|
Jo'raqulov Elbek
|
№ 23.
|
23, 89
|
|
Jo‘rayev O‘rol
|
№ 24.
|
24, 90
|
|
Khakimov Murodjon
|
№ 25.
|
25, 91
|
|
Khamroev Bobir
|
№ 26.
|
26, 92
|
|
Ko‘chimov Musaboy
|
№ 27.
|
27, 1
|
|
Mamatmurodov Sharofiddin
|
№ 28.
|
28, 2
|
|
Muxtorova Dilso‘z
|
№ 29.
|
29, 3
|
|
Narzullayev Javohir
|
№ 30.
|
30, 4
|
|
O‘zbekov Shohzod
|
№ 31.
|
31, 5
|
|
Obidov Otabek
|
№ 32.
|
32, 6
|
|
Qarshiyev Alisher
|
№ 33.
|
33, 7
|
|
Qilichov Suhrob
|
№ 34.
|
34, 8
|
|
Quralov Nurxissa
|
№ 35.
|
35, 9
|
|
Rapiqjonov Muhammadrizo
|
№ 36.
|
36, 10
|
|
Rasulova Maftuna
|
№ 37.
|
37, 11
|
|
Razzoqov Nurmurod
|
№ 38.
|
38, 12
|
|
Rizoyev Sunnatillo
|
№ 39.
|
39, 13
|
|
Ro‘zimov Azamjon
|
№ 40.
|
40, 14
|
|
Ro‘ziyev Sarvar
|
№ 41.
|
41, 15
|
|
Rustambekov Shaxzod
|
№ 42.
|
42, 16
|
|
Safarov Dilshod
|
№ 43.
|
43, 17
|
|
Sharipov Mirahror
|
№ 44.
|
44, 18
|
|
Shomurodov Abdurahmonjon
|
№ 45.
|
45, 19
|
|
Shukhratov Abror
|
№ 46.
|
46, 20
|
|
Shukurboyeva Sokhiba
|
№ 47.
|
47, 21
|
|
Sobirov Sardor
|
№ 48.
|
48, 22
|
|
To`rayev Xurshid
|
№ 49.
|
49, 23
|
|
To‘lisov Shaxzod
|
№ 50.
|
50, 24
|
|
Toshpulatov Sherkhon
|
№ 51.
|
51, 25
|
|
Tukhtoshev Jamshid
|
№ 52.
|
52, 26
|
|
Turajonova Maftuna
|
№ 53.
|
53, 27
|
|
Umarjonov Azamjon
|
№ 54.
|
54, 28
|
|
Umarov Umidjon
|
№ 55.
|
55, 29
|
|
Urolov Dilshod
|
№ 56.
|
56, 30
|
|
Usmanov Bobirjon
|
№ 57.
|
57, 31
|
|
Xaydarov Bexruz
|
№ 58.
|
58, 32
|
|
Xo‘rozov Ilyos
|
№ 59.
|
59, 33
|
|
Xoldarov Begzod
|
№ 60.
|
60, 34
|
|
Xolmatova Dildora
|
№ 61.
|
61, 35
|
|
Xolturayev Elbek
|
№ 62.
|
62, 36
|
|
Yangiboyev Navro‘z
|
№ 63.
|
63, 37
|
|
Yaxyoyev Abbos
|
№ 64.
|
64, 38
|
|
Yusupov Khursandbek
|
№ 65.
|
65, 39
|
|
|
№ 66.
|
66, 40
|
|
|
№ 67.
|
37, 87
|
|
|
№ 68.
|
47, 67
|
I. Nazariy savollar:
AKT texnik vositalarida qanday xavfli va zararli omillar mavjud?
AKT texnik vositalarida yuzaga keladigan xavfli va zararli omillar va ulardan himoyalanish.
Alfa, betta va gamma nurlarining inson organizmiga ta’siri.
Aloqa quduqlarida qanday gazlar bo‘lishi mumkin?
Aloqa-kanalizatsiya quduqlaridan foydalanishda xavfsizlik texnikasi.
Atmosfera elektr zaryadlari va ulardan himoyalanish.
Bir fazali elеktr tokni havfi.
Elektr jarohatni insonni shaxsiy hususiyatiga bo’g’liqligi.
Elektr qurilmalarini himoya vositalari.
Elektr tok ta’siri natijasida inson tanasini shikastlanishi.
Elektr toki ta’siridan ozod etish usullari.
Elektr tokidan himoya qilish vositalari necha guruhga bo‘linadi.
Elektr tokidan sikastlanishning asosiy sabablari.
Elektr tokidan talofat ko‘rgan insonga birinchi yordam.
Elektr tokidan yoki boshqa baxtsiz hodisalarda jabrlanganlarga birinchi yordam.
Elektr tokining inson tanasiga tasiri.
Elektromagnit maydon nurlanishi ta’siridan himoyalanish.
Elektromagnit nurlanishlarni me’yorlash.
Elektromagnit nurlanishlarning inson organizmiga ta’siri.
Elektroxavfsizlik shartlari tahlili.
Havfsizlik blokirovkalari.
Havo aloqa liniyalari va radioeshitdirish tarmoqlaridan foydalanishda xavfsizlik texnikasi.
Himoyalovchi o’chirish.
Himоyalоvchi yergа ulаsh.
Inson organizmining elektr tokiga qarshiligi nimalarga bog‘liq?
Inson organizmining elektr tokiga qarshiligi.
Inson tanasidan o’tayotgan tokni davom etish muddati.
Inson tanasidan o’tayotgan tokning turi.
Inson tanasidan o’tgan tokning chastotasi.
Inson tanasidan tok o’tishi natijasida tanani elektr kuyishi.
Inson uchun elеktr havf darajasi bo’yicha ish sharoitlari quyidagicha ajratiladi:.
Insonlarni elеktr tokidan himoyalash usullari.
Insonni elektr tokidan shikastlanishining asosiy omillari.
Ionli nurlanishlarni aniqlash usullari.
Ionli nurlanishlarni atrof-muhit bilan o‘zaro ta’siri.
Ionli nurlanishlarning biologik ta’siri.
Ishlab chiqarish sanitariyasining asosiy vazifasi.
Ishlab chiqarish sanitariyasining umumiy tushuncha va tariflari.
Ishlab chiqarishda havo muhitini sog‘lomlashtirish.
Ishlab chiqarishdagi xavfli omillarning hosil bo‘lish tabiatiga ko‘ra saqlash qurilmalari.
Izolyatsiyalangan nеytralli uch fazali tarmoq sxemasi.
Izolyatsiyalangan nеytralli uch fazali tarmoqlarni xavfi.
Kabellarni yotqizish va ta’mirlash montaj ishlarini olib borishda xavfsizlik texnikasi.
Kabelli aloqa liniyalaridan foydalanishda xavfsizlik texnikasi.
Ko‘chma elektr qurilma, elektrik armatura va o‘lchov asboblariga xavfsizlik talablari.
Ko‘chma elektr qurilmadan foydalanishda elektr xavfsizligi talablari.
Kompyuter xonalariga qo‘yilgan ergonomik va sanitar-gigenik talablar.
Kompyuterlarga qo’yilgan Davlat standarti talablari.
Kompyuterlarlardan foydalanishda xavfsizlik talablari.
Konturli yerga ulash qurilmalari.
Mashina va mexanizmlarning xavfli zonalari.
Mashina va mexanizmlarning xavfli zonalariga nimalar kiradi?
Mustahkam yеrga ulangan nеytralli uch fazali elеktr tarmoq sxemasi.
Mustahkam yеrga ulangan nеytralli uch fazali elеktr tarmoqni havfi.
Nurlanish faolligi o‘lchov birliklari.
Nurlanish manbalari necha turga bo‘linadi?
Nurlanish manbasini ekranlashtirish.
Nurlanish ta’sirida organizmga qanday salbiy ta’sir etadi?
Nurlanishlarni o‘lchash asboblari.
Nurlanishning ekspozitsion dozasi.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasida radioaktiv ifloslanish manbalari.
Optik kabellarni montaj qilish va ta’mirlash ishlari.
Optik tolali aloqa kabellari bilan ishlashda qanday xavfli oimillar yuzaga keladi?
Optik tolali o‘lchov asboblaridan foydalanishda xavfsizlik texnikasi.
Optik tolali tizimlarda lazer nurlaridan himoyalanish choralari.
Qadam kuchlanishi nima?
Qadamli kuchlanish.
Qurilmalardan foydalanishning ratsional rejimini o‘rnatish.
Radiatsion razvedka va dozimetrik nazorat asboblarining vazifalari.
Radioaktiv nurlanishlarni aniqlash va o‘lchash.
Radioaktiv nurlarning asosiy manbalari.
Shaxsiy nurlanish dozasini o‘lchash asboblari.
Signalizatsiya va xavfsizlik belgilari tizimi.
Statik elektr zaryadlari.
Sun’iy nafas uslublari.
Tele-radio stansiyalar va uyali aloqa xizmatidan foydalanishda xavfsizlik texnikasi
Tok ta’sirida ter yuzasini elektr metallanishi.
Ultrabinafsha va infraqizil nurlar manbalari, ushbu nurlarning inson organizmiga ta’siri?
Xavfli omillar qanday tasniflanadi?
Xavfning turi va kelib chiqish sabablariga bog‘liq holda xavfli omillardan himoyalanish usullari.
Xavfsizlik texnikasi to‘g‘risida umumiy malumotlar.
Xavfsizlikni ta’minlovchi texnik vositalar qanday turlarga bo‘linadi?
Xavfsizlikni taminlovchi texnik vositalar.
Yo‘l qo‘yiladigan xavfsiz kuchlanishlar.
Yuqori kuchlanish tarmoqdan past kuchlanishga o’tishni himoyasi.
Yurakni uqalash (massaj qilish) va sun’iy nafas berish.
Zararli changlar, gazlar, ishlab chiqarish chiqindilari va zaharli moddalar.
Zararli gazlar va ulardan himoyalanish yo‘llari.
Zararli nurlanishlar manbalari.
Zararli nurlanishlar va ulardan himoyalanish.
Zararli nurlanishlardan himoyalanish.
Zararli nurlanishlarning inson organizmiga ta’siri.
1-savolga javob (bu yerda birinchi savolingizni javobini yozasiz)
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2-savolga javob (bu yerda ikkinchi savolingizni javobini yozasiz)
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II. Amaliy topshiriq
ERGA ULASH QURILMALARINI HISOBLASH
2.1. Mashg‘ulotning maqsadi:
Bu topshiriqning asosi insonni elektr tokining urish xavfining darajasini aniqlaydigan omillarini o‘rganish hisoblanadi. Tok zanjiriga insonni ulanish sxemalarining tahlili va erga qisqa tutashuvda elektr tokining tarqalish jarayoni tushuntiriladi. Elektr xavfsizlikni ta’minlash uslublari sifatida izolyasiyaning himoyalash uslublari, erga ulash, shaxsiy himoya vositalari, himoyaviy uzish, to‘sish (blokirovka) va signalizatsiya, yuqori kuchlanishni past kuchlanish tarmog‘iga o‘tishi va saqlanib koladigan zaryadlardan himoyalashlar o‘rganiladi. Elektr qurilmalarga xavfsizlik talablari, elektr qurilmalarning xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan sinflarga bo‘linishi, ishlab chikarish binolarining sinflarga bo‘linishi, elektr qurilmalarda bajariladigan ishlar tafsiflari va sinflarga bo‘linishi ko‘rib chiqiladi.
2.2. Dastlabki ma‘lumotlar:
Nazorat topshirig‘ini bajarish uchun dastlabki ma‘lumotlar 2.1 – va 2.2 – jadvallardan olinadi.
2.1 – jadval
|
Talabalarning variant raqamlari
|
№1
№2.
№3.
№4.
№5.
№6.
№7.
№8.
№9.
№10.
|
№11. №12. №13. №14. №15. №16. №17. №18. №19. №20.
|
№21. №22. №23. №24. №25. №26. №27. №28. №29. №30.
|
№31. №32. №33. №34. №35. №36. №37. №38. №39. №40.
|
№41. №42. №43. №44. №45. №46. №47. №48. №49. №50.
|
№51. №52. №53. №54. №55. №56. №57. №58. №59. №60.
|
№61. №62. №63. №64. №65. №66. №67. №68. №69. №70.
|
Grunt turi
|
Nam qum
|
Ho‘l qum
|
Toshloq
|
Tuproq
|
Qora tuproq
|
Torf
|
Sariq tuproq
|
ρ , Om.m
|
500
|
300
|
80
|
60
|
50
|
25
|
60
|
2.2 – jadval
|
Talabalarning variant raqamlari
|
|
№1
№2.
№3.
№4.
№5.
№6.
№7.
|
№11. №12. №13. №14. №15. №16. №17.
|
№21. №22. №23. №24. №25. №26. №27.
|
№31. №32. №33. №34. №35. №36. №37.
|
№41. №42. №43. №44. №45. №8.
№9.
|
№46. №47. №48. №49. №50. №19. №20.
|
№51. №52. №53. №54. №55. №56. №18.
|
№57. №58. №59. №60. №28. №29. №30.
|
№61. №62. №63. №64. №65. №66. №10.
|
№67. №68. №69. №70. №39. №40. №38.
|
, Om
|
4
|
10
|
20
|
4
|
10
|
20
|
4
|
10
|
20
|
4
|
, Om
|
0,8
|
1,4
|
1,6
|
2
|
2,4
|
3,2
|
3,6
|
4,5
|
5
|
6,3
|
, Om
|
0,5
|
0,9
|
0,9
|
1
|
1,2
|
1,8
|
2,1
|
2,8
|
3,0
|
4,0
|
, Om
|
100
|
150
|
100
|
75
|
50
|
50
|
100
|
100
|
200
|
100
|
l , m
|
4,0
|
6,0
|
2,0
|
3,0
|
2,0
|
3,0
|
2,0
|
3,0
|
2,0
|
3,0
|
d, m
|
0,03
|
0,05
|
0,07
|
0,03
|
0,05
|
0,07
|
0,03
|
0,05
|
0,07
|
0,03
|
t, m
|
2,0
|
2,5
|
2,0
|
2,5
|
2,0
|
2,5
|
2,0
|
2,5
|
2,0
|
2,5
|
η
|
0,65
|
0,67
|
0,69
|
0,71
|
0,73
|
0,75
|
0,77
|
0,79
|
0,81
|
0,83
|
Barcha variantlar uchun UF 220V
5.3. Bajarish uslubi:1
Mazkur nazorat topshirig‘ida elektr qurilma ulangan neytrali erga ulangan uch fazali to‘rt o‘tkazgichli tarmoq chizish zarur bo‘ladi.
Talab qilinadi:
1. a) Fazaning korpusga qisqa tutashib kolganda qurilmani nolga ulashdagi (korpuslarning nolinchi o‘tkazgichga ulanganda) korpusdagi kuchlanishni aniqlash.
b) nolinchi o‘tkazgich erga qayta ulanganda korpusdagi kuchlanishni aniklash.
2. Qisqa tutashuv tokini aniqlash va saqlagichni kuyishi texnika xavfsizligi qoidalarni qoniqtirishini tekshirish.
IQT IYU, (2.1)
bu erda IYU-saqlagich toki (IYU=20, 30, 50, 100 A qiymatlar bo‘yicha tekshiriladi).
3. Faza korpusga tutashganda va nolinchi o‘tkazgich uzilganda (uzilish joyigacha va undan keyin) korpus potensiallarini aniqlash.
4. Faza erga tutashib kolganida nolinchi o‘tkazgich qayta ulanmaganida va ulanganida qurilma korpusiga tegib ketgan inson tanasidan oqib o‘tuvchi tokni hisoblang.
5. Bir faza erga ulanib kolganda korpusga tegish kuchlanishini aniqlash (sxemasini chizish).
6. REU4 Omdan oshmagan holda individual erga ulovchilardan tashkil topgan erga ulovchi qurilmani hisoblash.
7. Xulosa chiqarish.
Elektr qurilmani nolga ulashda u nolinchi o‘tkazgichga ulanadi. Nolga ulash korpusga bir fazali qisqa tutushuvdan saqlaydi, buning natijasida maksimal tok himoyasi ishlab ketadi va tarmoqning shikastlangan qismi uziladi. Nolga ulash erga yoki korpusga tutashuv momentida korpus potensiallarini kamaytiradi.
Faza nolga ulangan korpusga tutashganda qisqa tutashuv toki faza-nol halqa bo‘yicha oqib o‘tadi.
1. IQT. – qisqa tutuashuv tokining qiymati quyidagi ifoda orkali aniqlanadi:
IQT Uf Zn , A, (2.2)
bu erda
Zn – faza – nol halqasi qarshiligi (Zn – transformator ikkilamchi cho‘lg‘amlari, faza o‘tkazgichi, nolinchi o‘tkazgichlar qarshiliklari qiymatlarini o‘z ichiga oladi);
Uf – faza kuchlanishi.
2. Erga nisbatan korpusning qayta erga ulanishsiz kuchlanishi quyidagicha aniqlanadi:
UE IQT ZN , V, (2.3)
bu erda ZN – nolinchi o‘tkazgichning qarshiligi
3. Erga nisbatan korpusning qayta erga ulanishli kuchlanishi quyidagicha aniqlanadi:
UEK UE Rn / (Rn + R0), V (2.4)
bu erda R0, Rn – mos ravishda neytralni erga ulanish va nolinchi o‘tkazgichning erga qayta ulanish karshiliklari, bunda R04 Om. Nolinchi o‘tkazgichning erga qayta ulanishi qisqa tutashuv momentida, ayniqsa nolinchi o‘tkazgich uzilib qolganida korpusdagi kuchlanishni kamaytiradi.
4. Nolinchi o‘tkazgich uzilganda va uzilgan joydan keyingi korpusga tutashuv erga nisbatan korpuslar kuchlanishi quyidagiga teng
Nolinchi o‘tkazgich erga qayta ulanmaganida
a uzilish joyidan keyin nolinchi o‘tkazgichga ulangan korpuslar uchun
U1 Uf , V (2.5)
b uzilish joyidan oldin nolinchi o‘tkazgichga ulangan korpuslar uchun
U2 0, (2.6)
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