Topic. Independence of Uzbekistan

GRAMMAR: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

The present continuous is made from the present tense of the verb be and the –ing form of a verb:

I am	working
You are	playing
He is	talking
She is	living
It is	eating
We are	staying
They are	sleeping

We use the present continuous to talk about:

• 
  activities at the moment of speaking:
  

I'm just leaving work. I'll be home in an hour.
Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.

• 
  future plans or arrangements:
  

Mary is going to a new school next term.
What are you doing next week?

Present continuous questions

We make questions by putting am, is or are in front of the subject:

Are you listening?
Are they coming to your party?
When is she going home?
What am I doing here?

Present continuous negatives

We make negatives by putting not (or n't) after am, is or are:

I'm not doing that.
You aren't listening. (or You're not listening.)
They aren't coming to the party. (or They're not coming to the party.)
She isn't going home until Monday. (or She's not going home until Monday.)

Stative verbs

We do not normally use the continuous with stative verbs. Stative verbs include:

• 
  verbs of thinking and feeling:
  

believe dislike know like

love hate prefer realise

recognise remember suppose think (= believe)

understand want wish

• 
  verbs of the senses:
  

appear feel

look seem

smell sound

taste

• 
  others:
  

agree be

belong disagree

need owe

own possess

We normally use the simple instead:

I understand you. (NOT I am understanding you.)
This cake tastes wonderful. (NOT This cake is tasting wonderful.)

We also use the present continuous to talk about:

• 
  something which is happening before and after a specific time:
  

At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast.
When I get home the children are doing their homework.

• 
  something which we think is temporary:
  

Michael is at university. He's studying history.
I'm working in London for the next two weeks.

• 
  something which is new and contrasts with a previous state:
  

These days most people are using email instead of writing letters.
What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays?
What sort of music are they listening to?

• 
  something which is changing, growing or developing:
  

The children are growing up quickly.
The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.

• 
  something which happens again and again:
  

It's always raining in London.
They are always arguing.
George is great. He's always laughing.

Note that we normally use always with this use.

 

We can use the present continuous to talk about the past when we are:

• 
  telling a story:
  

The other day I'm just walking down the street when suddenly this man comes up to me and asks me to lend him some money. Well, he's carrying a big stick and he looks a bit dangerous, so I'm wondering what to do …

• 
  summarising a book, film or play:
  

Harry Potter is a pupil at Hogwarts school. One day when he is playingQuidditch he sees a strange object in the sky. He wonders what is happening …

Task 1.open the brackets using the verbs in Present continuous

1. 
   I (to work) now
   
2. 
   He (eat) an apple
   
3. 
   Natalia (write) a letter
   
4. 
   Anna (to have) breakfast
   
5. 
   They (to go) at work
   
6. 
   They (listen) to music
   
7. 
   She (sit) on a sofa
   
8. 
   Tom (to play) football
   
9. 
   Cats (to drink) milk
   
10. 
    She (to read) a book
    

Task 2. Make up sentences in Present Continuous Tense

1. 
   football / play / he
   
2. 
   Irina / trousers / wear
   
3. 
   rain / it
   
4. 
   cook / we / breakfast
   
5. 
   I / drink / coffee
   
6. 
   The sun / shine
   
7. 
   wash / I / my hair
   
8. 
   wait / for a bus / he
   
9. 
   cry / Anna
   
10. 
    Marina / have / a shower
    

Task 3.Write question and negative form of the sentences

1. 
   They are having lunch
   
2. 
   She is doing housework
   
3. 
   He is having a shower
   
4. 
   They are playing football
   
5. 
   Dog is barking
   
6. 
   Masha is reading magazines
   
7. 
   Marina is wearing skirts
   
8. 
   They are visiting their parents
   
9. 
   Kris is working
   
10. 
    She is sitting on a sofa
    

Task 4. Put special question to the sentences

1. 
   My friends are doing housework (what)
   
2. 
   He is going to a shop (where)
   
3. 
   She is cooking a cake (what)
   
4. 
   She is waiting for a bus (what)
   
5. 
   Anna is wearing trousers (what)
   
6. 
   Masha is walking in a park (where)
   
7. 
   You are waiting for her (who)
   
8. 
   They are eating bananas (what)
   
9. 
   Mark is driving a car (what)
   
10. 
    You are watching TV (what)
    

Task 5. Put the verbs in the list in Present continuous

play, wear, use, get up, have, dance, read, watch, go, wait

1. 
   They ___ dinner
   
2. 
   They ___ early
   
3. 
   Anna ___ the piano
   
4. 
   He ___ TV
   
5. 
   She ___ for a bus
   
6. 
   Larisa ___ not ___ books
   
7. 
   She ___ laptop
   
8. 
   I ___ to the gym
   
9. 
   She ___ on a scene
   
10. 
    ___ you ___ a watch?
    

Task 6. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1. He (to work) in the city centre. 
2. I (to write) an essay now. 
3. You (to go) to school on Sundays? 
4. We (not to dance) every day. 
5. They (to play) in the hall now? 
6. Where he (to live)? – He (to live) in a village. 
7. He (to sleep) now? 
8. They (to read) many books. 
9. The children (to eat) cakes now. 
10. He (to help) his mother every day. 
11. You (to play) the piano well? 
12. Look! Michael (to dance) now.

Task 7. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1. Her father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired. 
2. Where your uncle (to work)? – He (to work) at school. 
3. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 
4. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at four o’clock. 
5. My sister (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the evening. 
6. You (to read) a magazine and (to think) about your holiday at the moment? 
7. I (to sit) in the waiting room at the dentist’s now. 
8. When you (to listen) to the news on the radio? 
9. You (to play) chess now? 
10. My father (not to work) at the shop. 
11. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer. 
12. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 
13. What your friend (to do) now? – She (to wash) the dishes. 
14. Your grandfather (to work) at this factory? 

Task 8. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present Simple or Present Continuous.

I (to read) now.   He (to sleep) now.   We (to drink) tea now.  They (to go) to school now.  I (not to sleep) now. She (not to drink) coffee now. I (to read) every day. He (to sleep) every night. We (to drink) tea every morning. They (to go) to school every morning. I (not to sleep) in the daytime. She (not to drink) coffee after lunch. We (not to watch) TV now.   They (not to eat) now.  My mother (not to work) now. You (to work ) now? He (to play) now?   They (to eat) now? Your sister (to rest) now?  What you (to do) now?  What you (to read) now?  What they (to eat) now?   What your brother (to drink) now?  We (not to watch) TV in  the morning. They (not to eat) at the  lesson. My mother (not to work)  at an office.  You (to work) every day?  He (to play) in the afternoon? They (to eat) at school?  Your sister (to rest) after school?   What you (to do) every morning? What you (to read) after dinner? What they (to eat) at   breakfast? What your brother (to  drink) in the evening? 

Professional topic.Drawing.

Vocabulary:paper,canvas,sharpener,pencil

Reading:What is a drawing?

Speaking:Speak about drawing

Listening:Drawing

Drawing is a form of visual art in which one uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium. Instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, various kinds of paints, inked brushes, colored pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, various kinds of erasers, markers, styluses, and various metals (such as silverpoint). Digital drawing is the act of using a computer to draw. Common methods of digital drawing include a stylus or finger on a touchscreen device, stylus- or finger-to-touchpad, or in some cases, a mouse. There are many digital art programs and devices.

A drawing instrument releases a small amount of material onto a surface, leaving a visible mark. The most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, wood, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, may be used. Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything. The medium has been a popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history. It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas.^[1] The wide availability of drawing instruments makes drawing one of the most common artistic activities.

In addition to its more artistic forms, drawing is frequently used in commercial illustration, animation, architecture, engineering and technical drawing. A quick, freehand drawing, usually not intended as a finished work, is sometimes called a sketch. An artist who practices or works in technical drawing may be called a drafter, draftsman or a draughtsman.^[2]

Listening.

https://youtu.be/2Tjc7AZXPPU

Task 2

Watch the video and do the ollowing task

1.What is the speaker going to draw?

2.What materials are used in drawing?

3.What is a shape?

4.Did the speaker paint the shape of the leaf on a paper at first?

5.What problems are mentioned in the video?

6.What is darkening?

The materials used for drawing can be as simple as a pencil and paper, or you may

choose a more elaborate outfit. However you choose to equip yourself, it is always

good to understand the materials you are using.

Pumpkin

graphite pencil on drawing paper

8 ⁄ " × 11" (22cm × 28cm)

Pencils

There are many different types of pencils. Perhaps the most common drawing pencil

has a core of graphite, carbon or charcoal encased in wood. Though pencils are not

made from lead, the core is commonly referred to as lead.

COLORED PENCILS

Standard colored pencils can be waxy and hard to erase. Erasable and pastel chalk

colored pencils offer similar results but with more versatility than standard colored

pencils.

Paper

Paper for sketching and drawing varies in weight, size, surface texture, content and color.

Pencil Sharpeners

Sharpening a pencil can be done using a pencil sharpener or by trimming your pencil

by hand with a craft knife and sandpaper pad.

Erasers

Sometimes it may be necessary to erase pencil lines when drawing. Of the different

types of erasers, the two most common types are kneaded and plastic.

Avoid using the eraser at the end of a pencil. It won’t give you the same results.

Transfer Paper

Another method for transferring an image onto drawing paper is to use transfer paper, also called graphite paper.

The process involves taping the initial sketch to the surface of drawing paper graphite-side down, placing a sheet of transfer

paper between the sketch and drawing paper, then redrawing the image with a hard lead pencil. This presses the graphite from

the transfer paper onto the drawing paper, transferring the sketch onto the drawing paper.

Transfer paper can be purchased ready for use or can be made by covering one side of a sheet of tracing paper with soft

graphite, then wiping across the surface with a cotton ball slightly dampened with rubbing alcohol to bind the graphite to the tracing paper



Speaking:Speak about drawing
1.Did you enjoy doing art lessons when you were a child?

2.Do you ever draw or paint pictures now?

3.When was the last time you went to an art gallery or exhibition?

4.What kind of pictures do you like having in your home?

5.Are older people in your country more interested in art than younger people? Why/ Why not?

6.Do you think that arts are an important part of our tradition and culture?

7.What kind of things do you like to draw?
Food

Vocabulary: roll, salad, lunch, tea, breakfast, potato

Reading. Traditional English food

Listening: An English Breakfast Is A Full Breakfast

Speaking: Read the quotes and proverbs about food

Phonetics: Letter combinations: qu; aw; ew; ow;

Grammar: Plural of nouns
Activity 1

Work with your partner to match the words on the left below with the words on the right

Afternoon________________ roll

Jacket/ Baked ____________ salad

Full English ______________ lunch

Pub ____________________ tea

Bread __________________ breakfast

Fruit ___________________ potato

Activity 2

Read the descriptions below then work with your partner to match them with word partners above

1. 
   This is meal which British people traditionally had at about 4 o’clock in the afternoon. You can still have this meal in come hotels and in tea shops. It consists of tea, sandwiches and cakes. _____________________
   
2. 
   This is a potato which is cooked in its skin in an oven. It is usually served with butter and grated cheese on top. _________________
   
3. 
   This is a little individual portion of bread. In a restaurant a waiter or waitress usually brings you a selection of these while you wait for your meal. ______
   
4. 
   This is a popular type of midday meal which you can have in some pubs. The food is usually good, simple and traditional ___________
   
5. 
   This is a dessert which consists of small pieces of different types of fruit mixed together. __________________
   
6. 
   British people don’t usually eat this now but you can still find it in most hotels. It consists of tea and toast, fried eggs, bacon, sausages, tomatoes and mushrooms __________
   

Activity 3

Use the word