Topic 1: Increasing travels between countries enable people to learn different cultures or to increase tension between people from different countries

Schooling plays an integral part in individual's life. At the end of high school, students who wish to continue with their education face two probable choices — either suspend their study for a year to obtain work experience, or go straight into university. The second choice appears to be more sensible.

Coming fresh out of high school, students do not have a clear understanding of the harsh realities of the world. Either in academic background or in work experience, they are not in a strong position to undertake early employment. Exposure to an unpredictable and daunting world will easily cause a sense of frustration and shake their confidence, both having a devastating effect on their development later in life.

Another problem of early employment is that most young people are not able to make a correct career decision. Choosing a career requires sufficient knowledge of one's own strengths, aptitudes and the trends in the job market. Most young adults, unfortunately, lack such knowledge. Their initial experience in a job might lead them to jump on a conclusion and devote themselves to a career without careful consideration. So fast is their fondness for this job that their affinity to the job is mostly ephemeral. It can ruin their entire working lives.

Another noteworthy problem of working is that it might divert a young adult's attention from his or her previous academic objectives. If students give up the opportunity of being educated and pursue other ventures, they will lose their abilities and willpower to learn something carefully and patiently. The side effect of disengagement from schooling might not be significant in the first several years, but with age, it will surely disadvantage them a lot. Before long, disillusioned with early employment, young people might resolve to resume study but soon discover that they are not suitable for a learning environment any more.

It is therefore clear that students should not attempt a career life once they finish high school's study. Instead they should go to college directly, and ensure that their future is built on solid foundations, before exploring what else life has to offer.

1. 
   schooling = education
   
2. 
   integral = vital = central = fundamental
   
3. 
   suspend = defer = postpone
   
4. 
   sensible = rational = reasonable
   
5. 
   harsh = cruel = ruthless
   
6. 
   daunting = intimidating = demoralising = discouraging
   
7. 
   fondness = affection
   
8. 
   affinity = liking
   
9. 
   ephemeral = short-lived = transient = fleeting = brief
   
10. 
    pursue = practice = engage in
    
11. 
    venture = undertaking
    
12. 
    disengagement = disconnection = severance
    
13. 
    disillusioned = disenchanted = disappointed = disheartened
    
14. 
    resolve to = decide to = be determined to
    
15. 
    resume = recommence-restart
    

Topic 108: In order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticise their teachers, but others think it will result in loss of respect and discipline in classroom. What is your opinion?

Teacher appraisal is not a new instrument in improving teaching performance or developing teacher training. However, when it comes to inviting the input of students and seeking their comments on teachers' performance, there is disagreement. Some people object to this practice, saying that it leads to the loss of respect and discipline. In my opinion, students' participation in teacher appraisal is definitely helpful, but it should be administrated properly.

A strong argument for using student ratings to evaluate teachers is that students' judgement is reliable and impartial. Because of their ongoing interaction with teachers throughout the semester, students have the authority to measure the performance and competence of a teacher, with the knowledge they have obtained from learning and the stance they have adopted toward the subject taught A critical analysis of students' feedback enables teachers to enhance their competence and adjust teaching aims and methods for better attainment of students' learning objectives.

Students are also concerned about whether the teacher is fully committed to his or her job. The value of a teacher is determined as much by competence as by commitment. The school can therefore assess the performance of a teacher by collecting students' feedback on some observable facts, such as a teacher's punctuality and the legibility of his or her writing on the board. Teachers who perform poorly are advised to reflect deeply on their teaching practice, the drawbacks in particular, which is the key to the improvement of their performance.

Despite those overt advantages of encouraging students' input, analysis of their input is important and should be handled carefully. Misinterpretation of students' opinions might leave teachers an inaccurate picture of their strengths and weaknesses and lead them into a poor judgement about what they can do to satisfy the needs of their students. It is also important to guide teachers to perceive the feedback sensibly; otherwise, they might have feelings powerlessness.

What has been discussed is to support a notion that students' input provides an important source of data for evaluating teachers, helping teachers not only to discover their disadvantages but also to make an improvement.

1. 
   object to = disapprove of
   
2. 
   argument = reason justification
   
3. 
   impartial = objective = unbiased = unprejudiced
   
4. 
   stance = attitude = position
   
5. 
   committed = devoted
   
6. 
   commitment = dedication = devotion
   
7. 
   observable = apparent
   
8. 
   punctuality-timekeeping
   
9. 
   legibility = readability
   

10. 
    reflect on = meditate on = think over
    
11. 
    inaccurate = imprecise = erroneous = incorrect
    
12. 
    sensibly = wisely = prudently
    
13. 
    powerlessness = lack of authority
    

Topic 109: Schools should teach children the academic subjects which have a close relationship with their future careers, so other subjects like music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

There are many indications that schools have become increasingly vocation-oriented in recent years, with integrating many work-based courses in curriculum. Some academics advocate that sport and music classes should be cancelled in exchange for more academic classes, in an effort to help students beat other jobseekers. This argument has several strong elements that deserve attention.

The first is that few employers are interested in a job applicant's performance as music lover or sports fan. Instead, they are keen to assess candidates' academic records and professional skills. At a time when business grows complex and skill-based, the evidence that candidates have sufficient knowledge relating to their job profession is more capable to attract the eye of recruiters. A student excelling in a subject is far more marketable in the job market than one playing a music instrument adeptly, or displaying talents in a sport.

Another reason is that students, in most cases, engage themselves in sports or music spontaneously. There is no need to formalise their pastimes, when the amount of time they spend in academic activities is desperately inadequate. Teenagers and young adults have plenty of energy to expend daily. Even when heavily loaded with learning tasks, they exert themselves for outdoors and group activities. They gather for sport activities and concerts, but seldom review their textbooks after school. Given these elements, the top priority for educators is to maximise students' contact with academic classes at school and to recommend sports and music as extracurricular activities only.

The above discussion favours a conclusion that sport and music classes should be cancelled so students are more likely to commit themselves to academic courses, which are more important to their future employability.

1. 
   excel in = do well in = be skilful in
   
2. 
   adeptly = adroitly = dexterously = skilfully
   
3. 
   spontaneously = impulsively = instinctly
   
4. 
   desperately = extremely
   
5. 
   expend = release = consume = use = use up
   
6. 
   loaded = laden = burdened
   
7. 
   exert oneself = work very hard