Topic 1: Increasing travels between countries enable people to learn different cultures or to increase tension between people from different countries

ritualising 
and 
formalising 
the conflicts between 
countries. What's more, the Games draw criticism for 
embracing 
commercialism. The Olympic torch, 
for example, an important symbol of the Olympics, has been used popularly in the commodity market. 
As shown above, humankind's passion for competing in and watching games, the special appeals of the 
Olympic  Games,  and  economic  and  non-economic  benefits  brought  to  the  host  city  all  make  the 
immediate 
demise 
of the games unlikely. However, in the pursuit of those high ideals, the Olympics are 
meanwhile at the risk of being the instruments of commercialism and nationalism. 
1.
 
extinguish = put out = quench 
2.
 
host = provide facilities for 
3.
 
sovereignty = autonomy = independence 
4.
 
engrossed by = occupied by = absorbed in = immersed in 
5.
 
fortitude = determination = courage = strength 
6.
 
spectator = viewer = observer = watcher = audience 
7.
 
tempt = lure = entice = attract 
8.
 
proscribed = banned = prohibited = forbidden 
9.
 
ritualise = make sth. a ritual 
10.
formalise = make sth. formal 

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88 
11.
embrace = accept = adopt 
12.
demise = termination = death 

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89 
Topic  81:  Wearing  uniforms  is  popular  in  schools,  but  some  people  argue  that  it  might  cause