Toefl exam Essentials

TOEFL EXAM ESSENTIALS
clause needs an independent clause: Though it was wet, Ximena
walked on the grass. Sentences that contain an independent clause
and a dependent clause are called complex sentences.
Quick tip: To identify a sentence fragment or dependent
clause on the TOEFL exam, look for the following joining words,
called subordinating conjunctions. When a clause has a sub-
ordinating conjunction, it needs an independent clause to com-
plete an idea. 
after
because
once
though
when
although
before
since
unless
where
as, as if
if
that
until
while
Practice
Underline the independent clauses in the following sentences.
Find the answers on page 82.
1. I went for a walk downtown and mailed your letter.
2. If it is hot tomorrow, let’s go to the beach.
3. The 20-foot-tall, long-necked giraffe is the tallest living
animal on Earth.
4. The log-cabin quilt was probably designed as a way to give
a second life to unwieldy but warm fabrics salvaged from
suits and coats.
PARTS OF SPEECH
A word can be classified as a different part of speech depending
on how it works in a sentence. For example, the word quiet can
be a noun, verb, or adjective; add –ly and it can function as an
adverb. This table lists the parts of speech:

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STRUCTURE
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