Title page of 1781 German edition of The Discovery of America, Volume I



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Discovery of America



Title page of 1781 German edition of The Discovery of 
America, Volume I 
The Discovery of America is a trilogy written by the 
German author and educator Joachim Heinrich Campe 
(1746-1818). It was originally published in 1781/82 as 
Die Entdekkung von Amerika - ein angenehmes und 
nützliches Lesebuch für Kinder und junge Leute and deals 
with the discovery, early exploration and conquest of 
America by focusing on one explorer in each volume: 
Christopher Columbus is treated first, followed by Hernán 
Cortés and finally Francisco Pizarro. The work is counted 
among the first books of specific children's literature, 
directly targeting children and adolescents as its main 
audience, and Campe said to have "set the standard for 
German children's literature."The trilogy is defined by its 
author's involvement in the German educational 
movement of philanthropinism and has been a great 
success, also being translated into several languages. 
Content 
Volume I follows the explorer Christopher Columbus 
(Kristoff Kolumbus in the German edition) from his 
hometown Genoa and his first voyages to his encounter 


with Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. After a description 
of the voyage towards the West and the discovery of the 
New World, the narrative relates Columbus’ first 
encounter with Native Americans as well as the first 
military conflicts. 
In the second volume the reader is introduced to the 
conquistador Hernán Cortés (Ferdinand Kortes) and his 
exploration and conquest of Mexico. The explorations of 
the Central American mainland are followed by 
encounters with Native tribes, some of which become 
Cortés’ allies in his later conquest of the Aztec empire. 
After the death of the Aztec emperor Montezuma and the 
takeover of the empire's capital Tenochtitlan, the narrative 
gives a summary of the following subjugation of the rest 
of Mexico and of Cortés’ troubles with people envious of 
him. 
Finally, the last volume deals with Francisco Pizarro 
(Franz Pizarro) and the conquest of Peru and Chile. It 
describes the journey along the west coast of South 
America and the society of the Incas. Next to the 
founding of Lima, the murder of the Inca Atahualpa, and 
the siege and takeover of Cuzco the narrative also relates 


the quarrels between Pizarro and some of the other 
Spanish generals. The volume ends with Pizarro's death. 
Publication history and editions 
The trilogy is part of a larger work of Campe. It follows 
his earlier books Kleine Kinderbibliothek (1779–84) and 
Robinson der Jüngere (1779/80), translated into English 
as Robinson the Younger, the New Robinson or Robinson 
Junior, which is Campe's free adaptation of Daniel 
Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719). At the same time 
Discovery presents a preparation for the subsequently 
published first collection of travelogues, Erste Sammlung 
interessanter und durchgängig zweckmäßig abgefasster 
Reisebeschreibungen für die Jugend (1785–93, 12 
volumes). 
The first German edition was published in 1781 
(Kolumbus) and 1782 (Kortes, Pizarro) in Hamburg; in 
1790 it saw the third edition and in 1834 the fifteenth 
authorised edition. The first French translation was 
published as early as 1782, followed by translations into 
English, Dutch, Spanish, Swedish, Hebrew and Yiddish. 
At the same time there were several unauthorised reprints 


available in German; Campe complained about these in a 
letter to Emperor Joseph II in 1784. 
Reception 
Contemporaries of Discovery usually received the work 
very positively. Louis, Prince of Prussia, expressed his 
admiration for the first volume of Discovery in a letter to 
Campe. He excuses his late reply to a previous letter by 
saying that he first had to reread the book several times 
and that he wished he possessed all those virtues of 
Columbus.An anonymous reviewer in the German 
Enlightenment journal Allgemeine Deutsche Bibliothek 
praises Campe's choice of topic and its utility but wishes 
for a more structured approach instead of the 
narratives.Of the general criticism that the German new 
humanists and others presented against philanthropinist 
children's literature, Campe was usually exempt.Towards 
the end of the nineteenth century, however, the dialogue 
form had lost its appeal and in 1890 a revised German 
edition was published that eliminated the dialogue and 
solely related the narrative. 

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