Tillar kafedrasi m. R. Akramova

Grammar: Modal verbs
Modal fe 'liar
Qo'llanilishi: Modal fe’llar yordamchi fe’llar turkumiga kiradi.
So'zlovchining ish - harakatga bo'lgan munosabatini bildirib keladi.
Xususiyat lari: Quyidagi modal fe'llar mavjud: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.
Modal fe’llarga, oddiy hozirgi zamon III shaxs birlikda - s, -es qo‘shimchasi qo‘shilmaydi;
Modal fe’llardan so'ng “to” yuklamasi qo’lanilmaydi. Modal fe'llaming so'roq va inkor formalari yordamchi fe’l “does, do” siz yasaladi.
Modal fe'llarining ekvivalentlari mavjud. Ular quyidagilar:
can - could, to be able to
must - have to, to be to, need (to)
may might, to be allowed to
Modal fe’llar barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil formaga ega.

	can
I. you	cannot (can’t)
He, she
We, they	may
	may not (mayn’t)	do it.
	must
	must not
	needn’t

Questions form So’roq forma			Short answers Qisqa javoblar
May	I,you He, she We, they	Do it?	Yes, he may No, he mayn’t No, he musn’t
Can			Yes, I can No, I cannot No,I can’t
Must			Yes, he must No, he needn’t No, he mustn’t

Put the modal verb in its correct form, combined with the verb in brackets, to make deductions. The first one in done for you.
There is a lot of mail in the mailbox.
1. They can’t have got up yet.
2. They______ (be) on holiday.
3. They________ (have) a lot of magazine subscriptions.
He has a stain on his suit
4. He______ (have) noticed it.
5. He______ (have) had time to clean it.
6. It_____ (have) just happened

UNIT 3.

Read and translate.
Art in Uzbekistan
There many arts in the world, but the most popular are: literature, music, theatre, cinema and others. Every person has his or her own favorite art.
Music has always fascinated people. It touches their hearts and makes them laugh or cry. Music can be heard everywhere. Nowadays there are a lot of musical genres: classical music, rock music, pop music, club music and others. I can listen to any genre of music. It depends on my mood. When I am sad I listen to classical music. When I am happy I like listening to energetic, fast music and hard beat. However, some people listen to one kind of music only and they listen to it no matter what mood they are in.
There are a lot of wonderful works of literature-Famous writers and poets created a big variety of poems, stories and novels that are read over the world. Uzbek poets and writers like Alisher N., Zulfiya and Erkin Vohidov are famous all over the world. Their works are translated into many languages.
Theatre is a popular kind of arts, too. There are a lot of theatres in Uzbekistan, but most of them are situated in Tashkent.

When speaking in the past or future, we tend to use another verb with a similar meaning. For example: “She must leave” becomes “she had to leave” in the past tense and “she will have to leave” in the future.

It is also possible to follow the modal with have in order to change the tense. Thus, “Ishould eat some lunch” becomes “I should have eaten some lunch”. Note that in this case, the following verb is in the past participle.