Тиллар ўҚитиш методикаси ва таълим технологиялари

The basic principles of selection of the active (productive) minimum vocabulary:
• semantic approach;
• combinative approach;
• stylistic approach ;
• frequency approach;
• word-building value;
• words of polysemantic value;
• excluding synonyms;
• excluding international words.
The active (productive) minimum vocabulary is selected on the basis of topics and communicative situations, analysis of phonogram, dialogues, written speech.
The criteria of selection of the passive (receptive) minimum vocabulary:

• 
  derivability;
  
• 
  polysemantic character;
  
• 
  frequency and wide use;
  

• 
  topical associations;
  
• 
  Semantic and word-building value.
  

4. The main stages of formation of the vocabulary skills
Stage I – presentation of a new vocabulary. Aim – to introduce a new word and disclose (convey) of the meaning of each word. Ways and techniques to convey the meaning of a word are:
Direct
- dictionaries – used in conveying the meaning of a word
- synonyms- items that mean the same, or nearly the same; for example,clever, smart may serve as synonyms of intelligent.
- antonyms – items that mean the opposite; rich is an antonym of poor.
- hyponyms – items that serve as specific examples of a general concept; dog. Lion, mouse are hyponyms of animal.
- morphological analysis (word building) – You may wish to teach the common prefixes and suffixes: for example, it learners know the meaning of sub-, un- and –able, this will help them guess the meanings of words like substandard, ungrateful and untranslatable. They should, however, be warned that in many common words the affixes no longer have any obvious connection with their root meaning (for example, subject, comfortable). New combinations using prefixes are not unusual, and the reactor hearer would be expected to gather their meaning from an understanding their components (ultra-modern, super-hero). Another way vocabulary items are built is by combining two words (two nouns, or a gerund and a noun, or a noun and a verb) to make one item: compound word, or two separate, sometimes hyphenated words (bookcase, follow-up, swimming pool).
• context – if the number of familiar words big enough
• definitions – explanation of meaning in English with the words familiar for learners
• examples – situational and interesting information which can motivate learners.
• interpretation – if there is no equivalent in native language
• matching – synonyms, opposites
• familiar or famous (international) words
Visual
• demonstration of school paraphernalia or drawings on the black board (realia)
• illustration material-pictures / real objects
• models
• demonstration of movements, mime, body language
• pictograms, pictures, schemes