Tili va adabiyoti universiteti

participants of IRIS competition project, trainers for the regional conferences.
10.
Compared with advocates most of the judges used to speak Russian poorly. That’s 
why judges feared speaking Russian lest they would look silly and illiterate in the eyes of the 
whole audience, particularly, before advocates. By the way, most advocates speak Russian better 
than judges. For this reason, judges simply prefer to keep silent when a conference or seminar 
with the participation of advocates is held in Russian. And this is one of the reasons why judges 
do not want advocates to be their trainers. On the other hand, as fluent Russian speakers and “by 
the nature of their profession, as a rule, advocates try to manipulate the audience no matter 
whether the audience is made up of students, lawyers, judges or prosecutors or other people” 
(from the remarks once made by one of the judges in Ferghana valley).
11.
Since the projects and programs are intended strategically to prepare highly 
skilled judicial trainers (particularly among young judges) for future work on the basis of 
modern judicial training knowledge and information technologies, they have to be trained in 
Uzbek, because the judges have been developing their management and communication skills, as 
well as judicial skills in Uzbek in the last 17 years, and consequently, they almost forgot their 
fluent Russian (or judgeship term of that generation of judges who knew Russian well has almost 
expired or they have retired). That’s why throughout the country almost each member of 
47competition teams (23 teams from civil courts, 24 teams from criminal courts) applied to the 
Supreme Court with their applications and project statements written in Uzbek. The exclusion 
was the Samarkand team where the law professor made her presentation in Russian, however, 
the other member of the team, the judge made his part of the presentation in Uzbek.
In the second round, there were 13 teams left out of 43 teams. And when Christie Warren 
conducted TOT for them the judges requested that the TOT be provided with Uzbek translation 
too. IRIS took into account the request of TOT participants and provided with simultaneous 
Uzbek translation. All the team members made their demonstration presentations for competition 
in Uzbek except the Samarkand team (law professor). In the final round, all 9 teams (except 
Samarkand team) made their final training presentations for prizes in Uzbek. Even the judge 
partner from this Samarkand team made his part of the presentation in Uzbek (May, 2005). 
12.
Since the projects and programs are intended strategically for the future it is 
desirable that they should be conducted in Uzbek, because in two or three years all proceedings 
in social and state life will be conducted completely in Uzbek in accordance with the language 
law. Otherwise, the materials and manuals prepared in Russian will become useless in the future. 
That’s why IRIS provided Uzbek translation of each guide book or manual for judges. 
Considering all this IRIS strategically avoided the undesired consequences for the future. 
13.
Since the Uzbek and Russian languages belong to different linguistic families of 
languages and their sentence structures are quite different it is difficult even for fluent speakers 
of both languages to adequately translate the materials (official documents) from one language 
into the other. This can be done only by professional translators with translation skills, 
experience and good knowledge of the professional sphere and its technical language (specific 
terms, notions, and specific legal style). It means that judges cannot use effectively the handout 
materials provided in Russian as they have to write the judicial documents in Uzbek. They can 
not immediately translate and use them because they can not find proper words, terms and 

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notions in their working language. As it has been proved by the linguistic theory of the unity of 
thought and language that the knowledge and thought not properly expressed in concrete words 
can not be understood and remembered well. Consequently, they can not be properly applied too.
For example, a quick test gave negative results: after one of the conferences or seminars (during 
the breaks) when the participants were asked to give 5 or 6 key words in Uzbek what had been 
discussed in the seminar or conference conducted in Russian they could not express or formulate 
them immediately. The reason is that the participants lacked necessary working language terms 
and communication skills in both languages. That’s why they could not remember them well or 
express them in their own language (in Uzbek) in the event is conducted in Russian or in any 
other foreign language.
14.
As proof for the above mentioned, a suggestion of the TOT participants could be a 
good example: (a)When Judicial education expert Christie Warren (USA) met with the judicial 
training TOT participants at National University of Uzbekistan (May 24, 2005) to assess the 
results of the first TOT series and get participants’ recommendations for improvement of the 
second series of TOT seminars the participants requested Christie Warren to make 
recommendations on conducting of the next series of TOT seminars in Uzbek. (b) The analysis 
of the evaluations shows that even in cases when the evaluations were provided in Russian most 
of the participants filled them in Uzbek. Those who tried to fill them in Russian made lots of 
mistakes in their written Russian. (c) Along with many suggestions the participants made 
suggestions to provide the handout material in Uzbek (“If the materials of the conference were 
provided in Uzbek!” from most of the regional conference evaluations). Although all the 
regional conferences were usually conducted in Uzbek (for example, in Samarkand, Andijan, 
Namangan, Karshi, etc.). It is without reason why the key note speaker of the last international 
conference on habeas corpus (May 25, 2005, parliamentarian) made his presentation in Uzbek. It 
was very good that along with Russian translation Uzbek translation was also provided during 
the whole period of the habeas corpus conference.
15.
And the last factor why training is so needed for legal professionals, specifically 
for judges. After the collapse of Soviet system the system of education has collapsed too.