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937
(2021) 032012
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032012
4
pressure on water resources in Kazakhstan for 2015–2020. 
 
 
Figure 2.
The level of pressure on water resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015–2019 
Depending on the natural and climatic conditions, the state of the economy, as well as the ongoing 
organizational and structural transformations. The water use efficiency in Kazakhstan on average 
lower than in comparable countries both for individual industries and the economy as a whole: 
Kazakhstan requires 97 m
3
of water per $ 1,000 of GDP, which is significantly exceeds the 
performance Australia (15 m
3
), Brazil (26 m
3
), USA (31 m
3
), Russia (33 m
3
), China (67 m
3
). Water 
supply is carried out by 89–94% at the expense of surface water sources, partly–at the expense of 
underground, marine and wastewater. The main volume of water resources used is accounted for by 
the agricultural sector (74%) [11–15].
Let's consider the state of renewable fresh water resources (annual river flow resources) in 
Kazakhstan. The data in Table 2 indicate the dynamics of renewable freshwater resources (annual river 
flow resources) in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015–2019. 
Table 2. 
Dynamics of renewable fresh water resources (annual river flow resources) in the Republic of 
Kazakhstan for 2015–2019 
Indicators 
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2019/2015 
Internal inflow, mln. m
3
71 400 
105 
000 
64 000 54 500 
65 100 
(6300) 
Inflow of surface and 
ground water from 
neighboring countries, 
million m
3
44 200 
55 000 
58 100 56 200 
42 500 
(1700) 
Renewable fresh water 
resources, mln. m3 
115 600 
160 
000 
122 
100 
110 
700 
107 
600 
(8000) 
Renewable fresh water 
resources per capita, m
3
6 590 
8 992 
6 769 
6 057 
5 812 
(778) 
Source: compiled according to the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic 
Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan 
https://stat.gov.kz/
 
Figure 3 shows the dynamics of renewable freshwater resources (annual river flow resources) in 
Kazakhstan for 2015–2020. 

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AFE 2021
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science