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2. Materials and Methods 
At the moment, the issues of analysis of water resources of the national economy are reflected in many 
scientific studies.
It should be noted that today in the national economy, certain methods and approaches have been 
formed in the analysis and assessment of water resources. However, none of them can be considered 
universal for studying this process. 
General and specific research methods were used as a methodological basis, in particular: 
dialectical, system–functional, economic–statistical and formal–logical methods. 
3. Results 
In many sectoral state programs and strategic plans of departments for the future, special attention is 
paid to solving the problems of rational use of water resources in Kazakhstan. 
The main volume of water resources in Kazakhstan is provided by surface waters, of which 56% is 
formed locally, and the remaining 44% is due to the flow of transboundary rivers from China, 
Uzbekistan, Russia and Kyrgyzstan. Also, the sources of fresh water are groundwater, desalinated sea 
water and other sources. In agriculture, losses during water transportation are explained by the low 
efficiency (from 0.6 to 0.65) of irrigation systems. The use of water–saving technologies for water 
supply and irrigation in agriculture is less than 7% of the irrigated land used or 95.8 thousand hectares. 
The low cost of water supply services for the end user leads to inefficient consumption of water 
resources by agricultural producers and does not encourage the use of water–saving technologies and 
crops, does not allow for full maintenance, operation and repair of water management and irrigation 
systems. Currently, water costs account for less than 1 % of the cost of major agricultural crops (0.9% 
for wheat, 0.1% for cotton), which is significantly less than in other countries (4–13% for wheat, 2–
10% for cotton in countries such as India, China, Australia, South Africa, the United States and Israel). 
In absolute terms, the current level of water tariffs in agriculture is one of the lowest in the world, 2–
10 times less than in countries such as Australia, Great Britain, China, Greece, and 20 times less than 
in Israel. Due to the pollution of water bodies, the water quality is unsatisfactory. For example, in 
2019, only 13 out of 88 reservoirs were classified as "clean"in terms of pollution [6–8]. 
Figure 1 shows the main problems of water supply for beneficiaries in Kazakhstan. 

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AFE 2021
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science