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Type of first operand
Type of second operand
Conversion performed
Integer
Floating point
The integer is converted to a floating-point number
Integer
String
The string is converted to a number; if the value after conversion is a
floating-point number, the integer is converted to a floating-point
number
Floating point
String
The string is converted to a floating-point number
,ch02.15294 Page 37 Wednesday, March 13, 2002 11:42 AM

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This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition
Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
38
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Chapter 2: Language Basics
Arithmetic Operators
The arithmetic operators are operators you’ll recognize from everyday use. Most of
the arithmetic operators are binary; however, the arithmetic negation and arithmetic
assertion operators are unary. These operators require numeric values, and non-
numeric values are converted into numeric values by the rules described in the later
section “Casting Operators.” The arithmetic operators are:
Addition (
+
)
The result of the addition operator is the sum of the two operands.
Subtraction (
-
)
The result of the subtraction operator is the difference between the two oper-
ands; i.e., the value of the second operand subtracted from the first.
Multiplication (
*
)
The result of the multiplication operator is the product of the two operands. For
example,
3 * 4
is
12
.
Division (
/
)
The result of the division operator is the quotient of the two operands. Dividing
two integers can give an integer (e.g.,
4/2
) or a floating-point result (e.g.,
1/2
).
Modulus (
%
)
The modulus operator converts both operands to integers and returns the
remainder of the division of the first operand by the second operand. For exam-
ple,
10 % 6
is
4
.
Arithmetic negation (
-
)
The arithmetic negation operator returns the operand multiplied by –1, effec-
tively changing its sign. For example,
-(3 - 4)
evaluates to
1
. Arithmetic nega-
tion is different from the subtraction operator, even though they both are written
as a minus sign. Arithmetic negation is always unary and before the operand.
Subtraction is binary and between its operands.
Arithmetic assertion (
+
)
The arithmetic assertion operator returns the operand multiplied by +1, which
has no effect. It is used only as a visual cue to indicate the sign of a value. For
example,
+(3 – 4)
evaluates to
-1
, just as
(3 – 4)
does.