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Has sustainability reporting improved the culture of organizations?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Has sustainability reporting improved the culture of organizations?
Perhaps slowly. Some have argued that the rhetoric of reporting is not matched by tangible outcomes.
However, gradual improvements in organizational culture and awareness appear to percolate up 
through organizations that engage in environmental management systems and reporting. Reporting 
encourages a more positive, proactive orientation among business, government and community 
organization in general. Just as EIAs increased awareness of the negative impacts of development, 
environmental reporting has expanded our appreciation of potential efficiencies. Businesses and 
government agencies that undertake reporting for compliance and public relations reasons later 
realize that reporting can help to improve their ‘bottom line’. Many firms have achieved significant 
costs savings through eco-efficiencies and organizational improvements, which can also result in 
greater worker productivity or health. There is now growing support from business and industry 
for legislative action to enforce corporate reporting. This could ensure a more level planning field 
among firms.
3
To move beyond compliance and public relations activity to proactive improvement, 
however, reporting might need to encourage organizations to influence change across industries.
For example, reports might include a section on collaborative initiatives with community groups and 
other industries: horizontally (same industries), vertically (the supply chain), and diagonally (other 
industries and community).
Has reporting improved public sector accountability and performance?
Public reporting is less straightforward than corporate reporting, as government bodies are responsible 
for more than eco-efficiencies.
4
Private firms can focus on doing what they do best, while government 
agencies do not always know what they should be doing. Therefore they tend to report on general 
trends. USIs are sometimes a compilation of broad principles or rubbery value statements that cannot 
easily be tracked.
5
The problem with charting trends is that it is difficult to determine if changes 
in the environment are actually due to government policies. There are myriad intervening factors, 
unpredictable variables and exogenous forces acting in an open urban system. When environmental 
reporting focuses on symptoms or downstream impacts in the environment, this tends to reflect 
more on the resilience and adaptability of the environment (ie nature’s ability to cope) than on the 
organization’s management performance.
6
Theoretically, measuring and monitoring changes in the 
environment should help determine what actions to take. However, there is little evidence that ESD 
reporting shapes public policy, increases human accountability or builds design capacity. When ESD 
reporting was introduced, it generally meant more accounting activity, rather than direct actions to 
enhance sustainability. In the public sector, then, management should be measured by ‘affirmative 
actions’: steps the agencies have taken to 
improve
environmental conditions. Direct actions and 
their effects would be easier to assess than exogenous changes in the environment. By reporting on 
positive and direct actions themselves, accountability would also be more transparent. Urban issues 
also need to be reported in their regional context. ESD reporting has also been weak at linkages 
between urban agencies and regions.


149
Sustainability Reporting

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