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Why are many green buildings under-designed for passive solar gains?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Why are many green buildings under-designed for passive solar gains?
There are several reasons for this. First, the dominant view is still that only energy conservation 
features that have a short payback period are justifiable. Fossil fuel-based systems are not required 
to meet this payback criterion, of course, because ‘standard’ equipment is viewed as the norm. That 
is, first, the cost of fossil fuel systems is not seen as ‘extra’. However, mechanical equipment requires 
regular maintenance and often needs replacement during the life of the building. Second, solar 
technologies have always had to compete with fossil fuels on a sloped playing field, because fossil 
fuels are under-priced, due to subsidies and perverse incentives.
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Moreover, their externalities like 
global warming and militarism are not weighed in. The ecological waste that fossil fuels entail is 
usually ignored altogether [Chapter 4]. Third, engineers are generally trained to optimize things, and 
not use anything ‘extra’ – yet some benefits outweigh their costs and have a return on investment.
Fourth, there is a tendency in analyses to reduce nature to a ‘dead’ resource. Thus, for example, the 
‘30 the Bond’ building in Sydney is an exemplar of energy efficiency. It encased a landmark natural 
rock in glass for thermal mass. However, while exploiting this natural attribute of the site, it removed 
the feature from the public estate – much like turning a moose into a moose head trophy. We 
probably cannot over-employ ‘free’ solar design and natural features – as long as the ecological waste is 
minimized. Sunspaces, atriums, planting walls, Green Scaffolding, Green Space Walls, the Solar Core 
and reverse Trombe walls can all use materials and structures with relatively little embodied waste.
Still, wouldn’t it be wasteful to over-utilize passive solar systems?
Minimalist passive solar design generally only averages out daily (diurnal) temperature swings. This 
means that conventional passive solar homes will be too hot during heatwaves and too cold during 
‘coldwaves’. Therefore, ‘light green’ buildings will require backup mechanical heating and cooling 
systems. In fact, many sets of green criteria and indicators in moderate climates assume the need for 
non-renewable energy systems. But this extra mechanical equipment could be avoided altogether 
in many cases if passive solar design were not seen as ‘extra’. For example, there are many homes in 
extreme climates that are comfortable year round without mechanical heating or cooling. If well 
designed, insulation, glass or rock thermal mass adds little to overall cost and impacts. Likewise, shade 
cloths can be designed to create a cooling effect by generating air movement as well as shading. This 
is especially the case where a source of cool air can be created, like a shaded garden pool. Water (from 
rainwater tanks) can drip over planted wire screens for evaporative cooling and even fire mitigation.
In areas like Australia, where many homes do not have central heating, passive solar retrofitting would 
be easier to implement than in countries where there is already a huge investment in centralized 
heating systems. Nonetheless, this opportunity for energy and greenhouse gas reduction is being 
lost by new Australian homes. They are being designed to require air-conditioning, which makes 
them vulnerable to energy ‘brown outs’ and ongoing maintenance costs. Not only that, passive solar 
concepts are also applied in an overly standardized way.


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