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How do we get around that aspect of impact mapping or futures wheels?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

How do we get around that aspect of impact mapping or futures wheels?
Mind maps or diagrams, like policy plans, are good starting points to identify issues and generate 
ideas but, too often, they become end-points in themselves. The focus is still on negatives. Reversing 
the impact map can help us focus on means to identify and reduce the initial causes of problems in a 
more ‘rhizomatic’ design approach [Figure 11]. But we could go further and use it to look for means 
to create positive impacts and synergies. The resulting diagrams could also be used to communicate 
the positive impacts of design interventions. For example, mapping all the positive functions that an 
atrium in a building could perform could lead to new design elements that add multiple benefits. It 
could justify the inclusion of (low-cost) space for ecosystem services to a building owner who might 
otherwise see it as just an added cost. Further, we can identify past and present resource 
transfers
which have reduced social equity, future democracy, and ecological and human health – whether they 
occurred through market, physical or institutional design failure. So the SmartMode approach should 
help refocus the process to designing actions to 
reverse
these resource transfers, as well as identifying 
key variables or actions that will have positive ripple effects on these systems. Strategies and actions 
can then be partially compared and assessed by the number of positive, synergistic impacts.
Impact wheels can be ‘reversed’ to examine eco-effective ways of turning impacts into positives and tracing 
their potential positive impacts, synergies and cost-reduction strategies. They can also be used to identify 
key impediments instead of just impacts. To try to move beyond mitigating negative impacts by focusing on 
negative impacts is like sitting in a corner and trying not to think of pink elephants.
Decision
or action
Figure 12 Futures or impact wheel reversed to explore positive impacts
Negative
impacts
Positive
impacts
Decision
or action


175
Futures Thinking Tools

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