Thinking, Fast and Slow

4: The Associative Machine
Associative Machine
: Carey K. Morewedge and Daniel Kahneman, “Associative
Processes in Intuitive Judgment,” 
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
14 (2010): 435–40.
beyond your control
: To avoid confusion, I did not mention in the text that the pupil also
dilated. The pupil dilates both during emotional arousal and when arousal accompanies
intellectual effort.
think with your body
: Paula M. Niedenthal, “Embodying Emotion,” 
Science
316 (2007):
1002–1005.
WASH primes SOAP
: The image is drawn from the working of a pump. The first few
draws on a pump do not bring up any liquid, but they enable subsequent draws to be
effective.
“finds he it yellow instantly”
: John A. Bargh, Mark Chen, and Lara Burrows,
“Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype
Activation on Action,” 
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
71 (1996): 230–44.
words related to old age
: Thomas Mussweiler, “Doing Is for Thinking! Stereotype
Activation by Stereotypic Movements,” 
Psychological Science
17 (2006): 17–21.
The Far Side: Fritz Strack, Leonard L. Martin, and Sabine Stepper, “Inhibiting and
Facilitating Conditions of the Human Smile: A Nonobtrusive Test of the Facial Feedback
Hypothesis,” 
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
54 (1988): 768–77.
upsetting pictures
: Ulf Dimberg, Monika Thunberg, and Sara Grunedal, “Facial Reactions
to Emotional Stimuli: Automatically Controlled Emotional Responses,” 
Cognition and
Emotion
16 (2002): 449–71.
listen to messages
: Gary L. Wells and Richard E. Petty, “The Effects of Overt Head
Movements on Persuasion: Compatibility and Incompatibility of Responses,” 
Basic and
Applied Social Psychology
1 (1980): 219–30.

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increase the funding of schools
: Jonah Berger, Marc Meredith, and S. Christian Wheeler,
“Contextual Priming: Where People Vote Affects How They Vote,” 
PNAS
105 (2008):
8846–49.
Reminders of money
: Kathleen D. Vohs, “The Psychological Consequences of Money,”
Science
314 (2006): 1154–56.
appeal of authoritarian ideas
: Jeff Greenberg et al., “Evidence for Terror Management
Theory II: The Effect of Mortality Salience on Reactions to Those Who Threaten or
Bolster the Cultural Worldview,” 
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
{gy
“Lady Macbeth effect”
: Chen-Bo Zhong and Katie Liljenquist, “Washing Away Your
Sins: Threatened Morality and Physical Cleansing,” 
Science
313 (2006): 1451–52.
preferred mouthwash over soap
: Spike Lee and Norbert Schwarz, “Dirty Hands and Dirty
Mouths: Embodiment of the Moral-Purity Metaphor Is Specific to the Motor Modality
Involved in Moral Transgression,” 
Psychological Science
21 (2010): 1423–25.
at a British university
: Melissa Bateson, Daniel Nettle, and Gilbert Roberts, “Cues of
Being Watched Enhance Cooperation in a Real-World Setting,” 
Biology Letters
2 (2006):
412–14.
introduced to that stranger
: Timothy Wilson’s 
Strangers to Ourselves
(Cambridge, MA:
Belknap Press, 2002) presents a concept of an “adaptive unconscious” that is similar to
System 1.