Theoretical grammar пәні бойынша

Thus, meaning can’t be the only criterion for classifying words. Compare: 

1. 
   The last train was at 7.
   
2. 
   When did you last get a letter from her
   
3. 
   She was faithful to the last.
   
4. 
   How long will the fine weather last?
   

That’s why to classify words we must take into consideration morphological characteristics of words. For instance, H.Sweet: declinables (nouns, adjectives, verbs) and indeclinables (adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections). One more classification (based on syntactic functions of word classes): noun-words (nouns, noun-numerals, noun-pronouns, Infinitives, Gerunds), adjective-words (adjectives, adjective-pronouns, adjective-numerals, Participles), verb-words (verbs, verbals). O.Jespersen (his theory is between syntax and morphology):

1. 
   substantives (including proper nouns)
   
2. 
   adjectives (In some respect (1) and (2) may be classed together as nouns)
   
3. 
   pronouns (including numerals and pronominal adverbs)
   
4. 
   verbs (with doubts as to the inclusion of verbals)
   
5. 
   particles (adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections) characterized negatively as made up of all those that cannot find any place in any of the first 4 classes.
   

J.Sledd: inflexional classes (nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives – based on inflexion, adverbs – based on derivation) andpositional classes (4 main positional classes – nominals, verbals, adjectivals, adverbials – and 8 smaller positional classes – determiners, prepositions, conjunctions, relatives, interrogatives, intensive-reflexives, auxiliaries and adverbials of degree). He uses the method of substitution:

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