Theoretical grammar пәні бойынша

participial preposition is a participial form used with the force of a preposition rather than with the force of an adjective, gerund, or verbal noun as: barring, concerning, during, saving, accepting, past, providing, respecting, notwithstanding, regarding, providing, touching. A phrasal preposition is a group of two or more words that may be used as a unit preposition and is at the same lime capable of being resolved into its constituent parts as: according to. as to, because of, by means of, for the sake of, in consequence of, in reference to, in regard to, in respect to with a view to, due to, laugh at and stand by. According to their meaning prepositions may be divided into prepositions of place and direction (in. on. below, under, between, etc), time (after, before, at, etc), prepositions expressing abstract relations (by. with, because of. with a view to, etc.).


25. Conjunctions
the peculiarities of Conjunctions. is a part of speech which denotes connection between objects and phenomenally connects parts of the sentence, clauses, and sentences. According to their role in the sentence, conj. fall into two groups: Coordinating conj: and, but, or, either, besides, moreover, likewise, both... and yet. He spoke for the first motion and against the second motion. She moved quickly and with grace. Subordinating conj: that, if whether, as, though, since, when, until, as long as, before, alter, because, unless, so. . That the man didn’t call the police surprised nobody. Somehow I felt that his feelings had changed. According to their morphological structure conj. are divided into the following groups: Simple conj: and, or, but, till, after, that, so, where, when. Some of the simple conj. are homonymous with prepositions, adverbs, and pronouns. Derivative conj: until, unless, etc. Compound conj: however, whereas, wherever, etc. These conj are few. Composite conj: as well as, as long as, in case, for fear (that), on the ground that, for the reason that, etc


26. Numerals
(a) The numeral is a part of speech which indicates number or the order of persons and things in a series.

(b) Numerals are united by their semantics only. They have neither morphologic nor syntactic features. All numerals are subdivided into cardinal and ordinal. Both subclasses can perform equally well the functions peculiar of nouns and adjectives. Numerals possess a specific word-building system: suffixes –teen, -ty, -th. Some of them are easily substantivized and treated as nouns.