Theme: Understanding inclusive education: what is inclusive education really about

Cоntents:
Intrоductiоn ………………………………………………………..……..…2
CHАPTER I Ethical issues: general perspectives. . . 5
1.1 An overview of ethics in linguistics: assumptions and types . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . 5
1.2 A framework for addressing ethical issues: techniques and instruments. . . . . .7
Chаpter II Ethical issues in linguistic research: major challenges. . . 12
2.1. Ethical challenge in its broadest understanding
2.1.1 Informed Consent
2.1.2 Archiving and Consent
2.1.3 Ownership and Rights
2.1.4 Return of Materials … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
2.2 Plagiarism as a major ethical problem in linguistic research
2.2.1 Forms of plagiarism
2.2.2.The ways to avoid plagiarism in linguistic research . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Cоnclusiоn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Introduction
The current course paper aims to provide a background and critical overview of key issues, concepts and strategies in relation to ethical issues in linguistic research, that are relevant to a number of areas that every researcher should consider carefully when embarking on work with human participants. This is a broadly construed topic, and one that has received surprisingly little direct attention in recent writing in the area of linguistics (Craig 1993, 1997, Czaykowska-higgins 2002, England 1992, Grinevald 1998, Newman and Ratliff 2001: 9-10, Rieschild 2003, Wilkins 1992). In recent years, there has been tremendous concern about what we might call ethics with respect to languages - the responsibility that linguists have to working to maintain and revitalize endangered languages. Linguists have, however, paid less attention in writing to their responsibilities towards individuals, communities, and knowledge systems yet ethical responsibilities in these arenas are important to think about very carefully before beginning research work, during the research, and on returning from it.
A discussion of research ethics in linguistics perhaps best begins with the 1992 book by Deborah Cameron et al. entitled Researching Language. This work puts power at the center of the discussion, challenging researchers to consider power relations not simply between themselves and their “subjects,”but in the more general web of power relations that constitute the social, including the academic, world. The very decision about what to study and how to study it emerges in a web of power relations within academia and in society at large. parties such as the media, government, and publishers have their own interests in language, which may be at odds with those of the research participants (or researchers), and can have a considerable effect on visibility, public attitudes, and funding.
This paper is situated within the larger and irreversible trend towards analysing ethical practices in linguistics, given the field’s enduring commitment to addressing and resolving language-based problems in the real world (Bygate 2005). Indeed, most linguists would not disagree with the core principles of (1) respect for persons, (2) yielding optimal benefits while minimizing harm and (3) justice. Put simply, they are generally committed to an ethical protocol that averts harming research participants in any way. However, how linguists go about realizing these principles generally differ, and they are often influenced by the methodological paradigm they subscribe to, their training, the area of research in which they work, their individual personality and the macro and micro factors that shape their research process. Taking this constellation of factors into consideration, this work explores the ethical issues in linguistic research before going on to address how ethical tensions can be addressed. The theme of this course paper is “Ethical issues in linguistic research”. Topicality of the investigation is that ethics is important in linguistic research to think about very carefully before beginning research work, during the research, and on returning from it. It can have a considerable effect on visibility, public attitudes, and funding. Hence for linguistic society to achieve quality in research, it needs to pay attention to ethical issues that are very challenging for researchers.