Theme: Means of transportation Plan

2.2. Automotive
Road transport is now the most common mode of transport. Road transport is younger than rail and water transport, the first cars appeared at the very end of the 19th century. After the Second World War, road transport began to compete with the railroad. The advantages of road transport are maneuverability, flexibility, speed. Trucks now transport almost all types of cargo, but even over long distances (up to 5 thousand km or more), road trains (truck-tractor and trailer or semi-trailer) successfully compete with the railway when transporting valuable goods for which delivery speed is critical, for example , perishable products.

2.2.1. Personal car

The vast majority of existing cars are private cars (passenger cars). They are used, as a rule, for trips over distances of up to two hundred kilometers. According to the Committee on Ecology of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, by the beginning of 2000 the car park in Russia amounted to 27.06 million vehicles.

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  Vehicles : various types of vehicles - cars, buses, trucks;
  
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  Communication routes : highways, bridges, tunnels, overpasses, flyovers;
  
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  Signaling and control : traffic rules, traffic lights, road signs, motor transport inspections;
  
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  Transport hubs : bus stations, bus stations, parking lots, crossroads;
  
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  Energy supply : car filling stations, contact network;
  
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  Technical support : service station, parks (bus, trolleybus), road services.
  

3. Transport, energy and environment
Transport is one of the main consumers of energy and one of the main sources of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. The reason for this is the burning of huge amounts of fossil fuels (mainly petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel) in the internal combustion engines of land, air and water vehicles.
Among other negative examples of the impact of transport on the environment are: air pollution by exhaust gases and the smallest solid particles, groundwater pollution by toxic effluents from roads, car washes and parking lots, noise pollution, loss of urban living space (up to 50% of the area of ​​modern cities is allocated to roads, parking lots, garages and gas stations) and suburban sprawl that devours wildlife habitats and agricultural land.
Public transport and non-motorized modes of transport (for example, walking or cycling) are considered more “green”, as their contribution to the listed problems is much less or not at all. Electric powered vehicles (such as electric trains or hybrid cars) are considered more "climate neutral" than their fossil fuel counterparts. There is currently no climate-neutral technological solution (fuel or engine) for aircraft, but airships are offered as an environmentally friendly alternative to commercial aviation.
One of the modes of transport, which combines the features of road and rail transport, "string transport" has not gone beyond the scope of the experimental one.