Theme: linguacultural aspect of lexical units

Homophones are words identical in sound-form but different both in spelling and in meaning, e.g. sea (n) and see (v); son (n) and sun (n).
Lexical motivation is the relationship within the components of a word-group when the meaning of the whole group can be easily deduced from the meanings of its components.
Idiomaticity is the lack of motivation within the components of word-groups when the meaning of the whole cannot be deduced from the meaning of its components.
Motivation is an interrelationship between the form (or structure) of the lexical unit and its meaning. According to the degree of motivation, we distinguish:
Fully motivated word-groups – word-groups where the combined lexical meaning is deducible from the meaning of their components, e.g. red flower, heavy weight, take lessons.
Partially motivated word-groups – where the meaning of at least one component helps to distinguish the meaning of the whole, e.g. to shrug one’s shoulders, to fall in love.
Non-motivated word-groups – where the meaning of the whole cannot be guessed (drawn) from the meanings of their components, e.g. red tape – ‘official bureaucratic methods’, heavy father – ‘serious or solemn part in a theatrical play’, and take place — ‘occur’. Native word is a word which belongs to the original English stock (Anglo-Saxon) as known from the earliest available manuscripts of the old English period.
Borrowed word is a word taken from another language and modified in phonemic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of English.
Borrowing is the process of adopting words (or word-building affixes) from other languages and also the result of this process, the language material itself, e.g. -able, -ment, -ity, coup d'état, vis-á-vis.
The English proper element – words that don’t have similar representatives in other Indo-European or Germanic languages. E.g. bird, boy, lord, lady, woman, daisy, always.